MOD9 urinary system p1

what are the organs of urinary system + what they do:

kidneys: paired organs that produce urine

urinary tract: eliminate urine

explain organs of urinary tract:

ureters

urinary bladder

urethra

explain how urination occurs:

contraction of muscular urinary bladder forces urine through urethra and out of body

name & explain functions of urinary system:

excretion: removal of metabolic wastes from body fluids

elimination: discharge of wastes from body

what are homeostatic functions of the urinary system:

regulates blood volume and pressure

stabilises pH

regulates plasma ion conc

how does urinary system regulate homeostatic functions:

by adjusting which materials are lost in urine

explain kidneys:

position maintained by contact with adjacent organs and supporting connective tissue

differentiate left and right kidney:

left slightly superior

3 layers of kidneys:

fibrous capsule

perinephric fat

renal fascia

explain fibrous capsule:

a layer of collagen fibres

covers outer surface

explain perinephric fat:

thick layer of adipose tissue

surrounds fibrous capsule

explain renal fascia:

fibrous outer layer

anchors kidney to surrounding structures

explain renal sinus:

internal cavity within kidney

explain renal cortex:

superficial region of kidney

reddish brown and granular

explain renal pyramids:

6-8 in the renal medulla

explain renal papilla:

tip of renal pyramid that projects into renal sinus

explain renal columns:

bands of cortical tissue that seperate adjacent renal pyramids

each kidney lobe consists of:

renal pyramid

renal cortex

adjacent renal column

what do kidney lobes do:

produce urine

function of ducts within renal papilla:

discharge urine into minor calyx

explain renal pelvis:

most of renal sinus

connected to ureter which drains kidney

what is hilum:

point of entry for renal artery and renal nerves

exit for renal vein and ureter

explain renal nerves:

innervate kidney and ureters

follow renal arteries to individual nephrons

functions of sympathetic innervation

adjusts rate of urine secretion

influences urine composition