Normal Urinary Anatomy

What is included in the upper urinary tract?

Kidneys and ureters

What is included in the lower urinary tract?

Bladder and urethra

Where is the location of the kidneys? Bladder? Ureter?

Retroperitoneal. Peritoneal;true pelvis. Lateral retroperitoneal.

Why is the left kidney located higher than the right kidney?

Because there is no organ, the size of the liver on the left side constricting growth.

What is the normal size of a kidney?

9-12 cm.

The cortex should not measure more than ______?

Equal to or greater than 1cm.

Which portion of the kidney contains the collecting system? And what does it do?

Sinus and the secretion of waste products occurs there.

Where do the ureters extend from?

From the renal pelvis to bladder.

What are the two primary functions of the kidney?

Urinary production

Homeostasis

What are the other functions of the kidney?

• Detox and Filtration of blood

• Metabolic waste excretion

• Reabsorption of AAs, ions, glucose, and water

• Maintenance of NL ph, iron, and salt levels in the blood.

• Regulating blood pressure

What structure is included in UPJ?

Most proximal portion of the ureter. (pelvic near kidney)

What structure is included in UVJ?

Most distal portion of the ureter. (junction= entering bladder)

What is the function unit of the kidney?

Nephron

Where does filtration take place within the nephron?

Glomerulus

Explain the vasculature starting from the cortex to renal pelvis

• interlobular

• arcuate

• interlobar

• segmental

What are the different coverings surrounding the kidney?

• Renal capsule

• Perineal fat

• Pararenal fat

• Gerotas fascia

Where is the renal capsule located?

• tough fiberous capsule

• closest to kidney, but not attached to it

• AKA: true capsule, fiberous capsule.

Tell me about perirenal fat?

• Continous with fat in renal sinus

• AKA: perinepheric fat/adipose capsule/ packing fat of zuckerkandl

Tell me about Gerota’s fascia?

• Surrounds kidney, perineal fat, and adrenal gland

• AKA: perineal/perinepheric fascia

Tell me about PARArenal fat?

• Dbl layer of fat allows for movement.

What lab does BUN and creatine measure? Which is more sensitive?

Degree of renal function.

Creatinine is more sensitive than BUN.

Increase means = renal disease

What does decrease of GFR mean?

Renal disease

What does increase Specific gravity mean?

kidneys are preserving water.

What are the two different areas of the kidney tissue?

Cortex and Medulla.

What is the cortex?

• Area of filtration

• Column of Bertin: Bands of cortical tissue that seperate thepyramids

What is the medulla?

• Area of reabsorbtion.

• Medullary pyramids: bring urine to minor calyx /sinus)

• # or pyramids= the # of minor calyces (NL is 8-10)

How often do the ureteral jets occur?

Once every minute, in the inferoposterior aspect of thebladder.