HMP 401 Exam #3 Flashcards

Long Term Care (LTC)

Complex system, not always clearly understood

• Not just nursing home care; that is just a piece of the system (in the home, it can consist of family steps as well) —> most care is delivered to the person’s home and provided by family or friends

• is a variety of individualized, coordinated services that promote the maximum possible independence for people with functional limitations due to age or disease, and such services are provided over an extended period of time in accordance with a holistic approach while maximizing the care recipient’s quality of life

• Should employ appropriate current technology and evidence-based options; care can be multidimensional

• LTC services should be tailored to the individual, address needs over time as much as possible, and adhere to the individual’s preferences

Case Manger

the usual title given to the clinical individual that coordinates the care required, structural approach

Long Term Care Payment

Falls to the two government payment systems: Medicare and Medicaid. ~44% of all Medicare claims begin after 86 for the beneficiary

ADLS

Activies of Daily Living: Most commonly used to measure disability, which includes whether individual needs assistance to perform basic activities, such as eating, bathing, dressing, toileting, and getting in and out of bed and/or chairs

IADLS

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: A person’s ability to perform household and social tasks, such as home maintenance, cooking, shopping, and managing money

Cognitive Impairment

The mental disorder that is indicated by a person having difficulty remembering, learning new things, concentrating or making decisions that impact the individual’s daily life, can run from mild to severe

Vulnerable Populations

Certain populations, from a healthcare perspective, will likely experience poor health or illness.

• Certain individuals have pre-existing issues that increase a persons risk of getting sick, ending up needing LTC or services

Certain traits include:

• where you live, your race/ethnicity, being a woman or a child living in a rural area, predisposing characteristics of vulnerability

• Enabling characteristics, things that can add to a person’s issues, are lack of adequate insurance or no insurance, and housing or no housing.

Poor Health

Manifested physically, psychologically, and socially.

• Is just one dimension of a Vulnerable Population, but when adding other factors the risk increases

Vulnerability

is complex, but more factors an individual has lead to increased illness or disease

Demographic

are statistical data that describes size and characteristics of a population, with segments called cohorts.

Key categories include:

• Age and Gender

• Race and ethnicity - classifications by culture, national or race backgrounds

• Socioeconomic statistics: household income, poverty rates, employment or education level attainment

• Vital stats: birthrates, death rates, life expectancy, fertility rates, marriage and divorce rates

• Migration and geography: population density, urbanization, domestic and international migration

Mental Health

refers to a state of wellbeing that helps individuals cope with stress, develop their abilities, learn and work effectively and contribute to their communities, exists on a continuum. three concepts:

1) Wellbeing: emotional functioning, resilience, social connection, and the ability to manage everyday challenges

2) Psychological distress: symptoms such as worry, sadness, or irritability that may or may not meet the criteria for a disorder

3) disorder: clinically significant issues

• many treatment gaps in the US

Community Health Centers and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC’s)

• Both are federally funded, both are not-for-profit, community-based centers with providers that offer comprehensive primary and preventive medical services to everyone, regardless of insurance status, immigration status, and ability to pay

• Open to all, insured (Medicare, Medicaid, and people with commercial insurance)

• Medically underserved areas are legally required to have a clinic to serve a community that has limited access to healthcare; the boards have patients as board members (51%); federal support via a grant

• Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), under section 330 of the Public Health Service Act, is the reason for funding

• Services provided include: PCP, dental care, behavioral and mental health counseling, and substance abuse disorder

FQHC Difference

• has more specific federal guidelines rather then the normal health clinics

Patient Choice

All people who are competent can refuse healthcare, even if the refusal can result in harm to the person (death included)

• Unless someone is not deemed competent, they hold the “privilege to make their own decisions”, this includes elderly with physical decline