arabic difficult grammar

Human plurals take

True plural agreement

Masculine take masculine plural

Feminine take feminine plural

Non human plurals take

Feminine singular form

Feminine singular form is

Taa maarbuta

Writing a definite noun adjective phrase

‘The new books’

Both words must be definite (al)

Writing a nominal sentence

‘The books are new’

Only the first word is definite (al)

Plural nisba adjectives (f human)

Plural nisba adjectives (m human)

Nominative takes -iyyoon

Acc or gen takes -iyyeen

Adjectives completely copy the

Noun they are with

Non human pl nisba adjectives

Feminine singular ending

M singular nisba adjectives

F human singular nisba adjectives

If a word is after a preposition, it is

Accusative

When to use -oon or -een for human plurals?

nOm= oon (subject of verb or after is/are)

Acc= een (objects or after prepositions)

Nisba pl vs normal pl

Yaa before pl ending if nisba

If using idafa (possessive), the first noun is always

The possessed item

In idafa (possessive), the first noun can never be…

Definite

A definite idafa (possessive) phrase has

A definite second noun

Putting the first noun in idafa

no double vowels

Add single damma

Putting the second (gen) noun in idafa

Add al and kasra for definite

Add double kasra for indefinite

Nominal sentences begin with

Noun or pronoun

Verbal sentence order

Verb subject object

Turning a nominal sentence into verbal

Flip the word order of first two words

Turning a nominal sentence with pl subject into verbal

Must change verb conjugation to singular