Brain y10

Frontal Lobe

responsible for complex cognitive functions, emotions, and perception (planning day)

Parietal lobe

receives sensory input for touch and body position for spatial awareness (knowing hand position and heat without looking)

temporal lobe

Handles hearing, langauge comprehension, and memory (understanding speech

Occipital lobe

Responsible for visual processing (seeing colours, recognising shape)

Hindbrain

Controls vital survival functions like breathing, heart rate, balance, and coordination

Midbrain

Region between the hindbrain and the forebrain; it is important for hearing and sight. Processes sensory info (turning head toward a loud noise)

Forebrain

Responsible for complex cognitive functions, emotions, and perception; includes the cerebral cortex. (solving maths problem)

Cerebral cortex

Outer layer of the forebrain, involves complex mental abilities like perception, memory, language, thinking, and problem solving, processes sensory information and plans voluntary body movements; handles thinking, reasoning, planning, memory, language, and perception. (writing an essay)

Medulla

hindbrain structure that controls automated processes like breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate

Pons

hindbrain structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; involved in regulating brain activity during sleep

Cerebellum

A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.

Thalamus

A forebrain structure that processes sensory information for all senses, except smell, and relays it to the cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus

forebrain structure that hunger, thirst, body regulation

Limbic system

A group of structures in the forebrain that regulates emotion, motivation, and memory.

Broca’s area

Generally in the left hemisphere, responsible for production of articulate speech, involved with coordinating movements of the muscles required for speech

If damage —> Broca’s aphasia

Wernicke’s area

Generally in the left hemisphere, comprehension of speech/ language, interpretation of written word, locates words from memory to express meaning, creates meaningful and/or grammatically correct speech

Damage —> Wernicke’s aphasia

Cerebrum

Outer cerebral cortex,

Corpus Callosum

Band of approx 200 mill nerve fibres

Connects both hemispheres of brain

Main function is to enable transfer of info from one hemisphere to another

Gap between hemisphere - longitudinal fissure

Left hemisphere

Verbal functions:

• Recognition & use of words

• Reading, writing, speaking, understanding speech

Analytical functions:

• Breaking down task into parts and logical sequential way (mathematical formula, recipe)

Right hemisphere

Non verbal functions:

• creativity, fantasy, spatial and visual thinking, recognising faces, patterns, and tunes

• Appreciating music and art (not necessarily making)

• Recognising emotions from facial cues

Where is the frontal lobe?

Where is the parietal lobe?

Where is the temporal lobe?

Where is the occipital lobe?

Where is the cerebellum?

Where is the forebrain?

Where is the cerebral cortex?

Where is the hindbrain?

Where is pons?

Where is the medulla?

Where is the midbrain?

Where is Wernickes area?

Where is Broca’s area