PSYC 4008 Exam 3

Who is known for their trilogy of mind

Upham

what is Upham's theory of mind

Intellect - cognition

Sensibilities - emotion

Will - action

what are KEnneth and Maime Phipps Clark

· doll study, Brown v Board of Education

· early pioneers in black Americans getting into professional psychology

3 things Mary Calkins was known for

· Did research with James

· Harvard would not give her Ph.D.

· first woman president of the APA

who is associated with pragmatic theory of truth

William James

describe pragmatic theory of truth

if it is useful it is true

who described characteristics of consciousness

William James

what are James' characteristics of consciousness

it is continuous

it is in constant flux

it is private

it is useful

describe the James-Lange theory of emotion

bodily reaction comes before and causes the emotional reaction

what was James criticized for?

parapsychology

who founded the APA

Hall

what is Hall's approach called

genetic (evolutionary) psychology

Hall applied Haeckel's _______________________

recapitulation theory

describe recapitulation theory

development (ontogeny) minims evolutionary history (phylogeny)

major points on Hall and Freud

Overlap with child development and human sexuality

Hall Invited Freud to America - stimulated the development of the psychoanalytic movement in America

who names the 1st schools of psychology

Titchener

1st two schools of psychology

structuralism and functionalism

why did Titchener clash with american psychology

o Titchener was a structuralist, America was interested in functionalism,

o Joined and quit APA 3 times,

o founded the experimentalists,

o believed only laboratory research was scientific,

o not interested in applied psychology,

o individual differences, animals, psychopathology

what are Titchener's elements of mind

sensations and feelings

who's books were used in Drill courses

Titchener

define Drill courses

psychology courses, pairs where one acts as experimenter and one is participant

who is associated with introspective habit

Titchener

describe Titchener's introspective habit

o Train subjects for automatic introspection

o Introspective account of selective attention

describe the argument between Titchener and Baldwin

Baldwin disputes over sensory vs motor reaction time

reports only those trained have differences

list the functionalists

Dewy

Carr

Cattell

Thorndike

Woodworth

Dewy known for

analyzes reflex arch in functionalist terms, founds functional psychology

Carr known for

standardizes animal mazes, does "kerplunck" study

Cattell known for

American pioneer in mental testing, follows Galton and uses sensory and reaction time measures, applies new correlational statistics to analyzes tests,

they don't correlate with anything useful, approach fails, abandoned effort to develop mental test

Thorndike known for

transitional figure between functionalism and behaviorism, experimental laboratory study of animal learning (cats in puzzle boxes), trial and error learning, law of effect

Woodworth known for

definition of "experiment", independent vs dependent variables, transfer learning, dynamic psychology and S-O-R formulation

Ebbinghaus known for

sentence completion test

this test discriminated between more and less capable students

what tarnished Binet's early career

study of magnetism and hysteria

What does Binet develop

1st successful intelligence test

What does Binet INVENT?

Age norming - determining age at which a normal child could pass test items

Stern known for

mental quotient (mental age divided by chronological age),

Terman known for

"inventing" IQ

how does Goddard bring intelligence testing to US

translates Binet-Simon test to english

What Goddard study "showed" that feeblemindedness is inherited

Kallikak

what two people resulted in immigration quotas

Goddard and Yerkes

Goddard contribution to immigration quota

testing immigrants at Ellis Island and arguing that the feebleminded individuals would cause race deterioration and more morons to be born

president of APA when WWI begins

Yerkes

Yerkes contribution to immigration quota

testing recruits and "found" that descendants of Eastern and Southern Europeans had lower IQ

who revised Binet-Simon to develop Stanford-Binet

Terman

who was an advocate of meritocracy

Terman

who did longitudinal study on gifted children

Terman

what did Terman's study of gifted kids find

people with high IQ are happy and well-adjusted and that IQ predicts success

controversial opinions associated with IQ

IQ is inherited

IQ is a general (unitary) ability

environment has little to do with it.

who argued against ideas of meritocracy

Walter Lippman

arguments Lippman makes against mediocracy

1. most americans are not feebleminded - the wrong comparison is being made

2. IQ more influenced by environment than genetics

3. low IQ result of limited opportunity

4. idea of meritocracy based on IQ gives too much power to the tester

IO psychologists

Walter Dill Scott and Munsterberg

Walter Dill Scott known for

applying psychology to advertising

Munstenberg known for

criticizing eye witness testimonies

develop simulation and analytic techniques to select employees

core precept of Gestalt Psychology

holism

precursors to Gestalt psychology

1) Mach describes gestalt qualities of space forms and time forms

2) Ehrenfels coins term gestalt quality

Wertheimer known for

discovers phi (objectless) motion

who founds Gestalt psychology

Wertheimer

Wertheimer principles of perceptual organization

o law of simplicity

o law of similarity

o law of proximity

o law of continuity

o law of closure

Koffka known for

idea of behavioral vs geographical environment

Gestalt psychologists believed that ___________environment is most important

behavioral

behavioral environment define

environment as it is perceived

geographic environment define

environment as it really is

Kohler known for

understanding relationships important to problem solving require perception of entire field

relational learning in chickens; insight learning in monkeys

who criticized Thorndike's trial and error learning for using a restricted field?

Kohler

what is Lewin known for

field theory and need based theory of motivation

Lewin's life space

everything relevant to behavior at point in time, includes person variables (e.g., motivation) and behavioral environment

Lewin's prinicple of contemporaneity

life space in constant flux, only facts occurring at a particular point in time are relevant to behavior

Lewin's study of leadership styles

authoritarian, laissez faire, and democratic