A&P Honors: Ch. 5.7 — Sweat Glands

What’s another name for sweat glands?

Sudoriferous glands.

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Eccrine and apocrine.

In both types, the secretory cells are associated with what type of cells?

Myoepithelial cells.

What’re myoepithelial cells?

Specialized cells that contract when stimulated by the nervous system.

What does the contraction of myoepithelial cells force?

Forces the sweat into and thought the gland’s duct system to the skin surface.

What is sweating regulated by?

A branch of the autonomic nervous system.

What is another name for eccrine sweat glands?

Merocrine sweat glands

Which of the two are more numerous? Eccrine or apocrine sweat glands.

Eccrine sweat glands.

Where are eccrine sweat glands particularly very abundant on?

The palms, soles of the feet, and forehead.

Describe what each eccrine gland is.

Simple, coiled, tubular gland.

Where does the secretory part of an eccrine gland lie? Where does the duct extend to?

Coiled in the dermis. Duct extends to open in a funnel-shaped pore at the skin surface.

What is eccrine secretion commonly known as?

Sweat

What type of process is eccrine gland secretion? How is it released?

Is a hypotonic filtrate of the blood that passes through secretory cells of the sweat glands and it release by exocytosis.

What is sweat made of?

99% water with some salts such as sodium chloride, traces of metabolic wastes, and a microbe-killing peptide.

What are examples of metabolic wastes in sweat?

Urea, uric acid, and ammonia.

What is dermcidin?

Microbe-killing peptide.

Describe sweat. What is it’s usual pH level?

Acidic with a pH between 4 and 6.

What is sweating’s primary role?

TO prevent the body from overheating.

Where does heat-induced sweating begin and where does it spread?

Begins of the forehead and spreads inferiority over the remainder of the body.

What is emotionally induced sweating brought on by?

Fright or nervousness.

Where does emotion induced sweating start?

On the palms, soles, and axillae, then spreads to other body areas.

Approx. how many apocrine sweat glands are confined to the axillary and anogenital areas?

2000

What is another name for apocrine sweat glands?

Merocrine glands.

How do merocrine glands release their produce?

By exocytosis.

Are apocrine glands larger or smaller relative to eccrine?

Larger

In difference to eccrine glands, describe the position of apocrine glands. Where does apocrine ducts empty into?

They lie deeper in the dermis or even in the subcutaneous tissue, and their ducts empty into hair follicles.

What does apocrine secretion contain?

The same basic components of true sweat, plus fatty substances and proteins.

Describe apocrine gland sweat.

Vicious and sometimes has a milky or yellowish color. Odorless, but sometimes takes on musky and unpleasant odor. The basis of BO.

When do apocrine glands begin functioning? Under what hormones?

At puberty under the male sex hormones androgens.

What are the three lines of evidence that suggest that apocrine glands may be the human equivalent of other animals’ sexual scent glands?

(1) Sexual foreplay increases their activity; (2) they enlarge and recede with the phases of a woman’s menstrual cycle; (3) behavioral studies show that their secretions may act as pheromones.

What are the two important types of modified apocrine glands?

Ceruminous glands and mammary glands.

What are ceruminous glands?

Modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal.

What do ceruminous gland secretion mix with? What do they form?

Sebum produced by nearby sebaceous glands. Form a sticky, bitter substance called cerumen.

What is another name for cerumen?

Ear wax.

What does ear wax do?

Deters insects and blocks entry of foreign material.

What are mammary glands?

Another type of specialized sweat gland, that secretes milk.

What is another name for sebaceous glands?

Oil glands.

What are sebaceous glands? Where are they found?

Simple branched alveolar glands that are found all over the body except in thick sin of the palms and soles.

How do sebaceous gland’s size vary depending on location?

They are small on the body trunk and limbs, but large on the face, neck, and upper chest.

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

Sebum.

What do the central cells of the alveoli do? What does this say about them?

Accumulate oily lipids until they become so engorged that they burst, so functionally these glands are holocrine glands.

What do most sebaceous glands develop as?

Outgrowths of hair follicles.

Where do most sebaceous glands secrete sebum into?

A hair follicle or a pore on the skin’s surface.

What function does sebum have in the body?

It softens and lubricates the hair and skin, prevents hair from becoming brittle, and slows water loss from the skin. Also has bactericidal action.

When do sebaceous glands increase their activity? Under what?

During puberty under the influence of male sex hormones.

What is acne?

Active inflammation of the sebaceous glands accompanied by “pimples”, whiteheads or blackheads on the skin.

What is another name for a whitehead?

Close comedone.

What is another name for a blackhead?

Open comedone.

What is acne associated with?

Infection by propionibacterium acne.

What can cause seborrhea?

Overactive sebaceous glands.

What can seborrhea also be known as?

“Cradle cap” in infants.

Where does seborrhea begin? As what?

Begins on the scalp as pink, raised lesions that gradually become yellow to brown and begin to slough off oily scales.