Cognitive Exam 3

when information is _____ all kinds of things about the context are also encoded

encoded

what do we use to accesses encoded information during retrieval

cues

between encoding and retrieval there needs to be ____ of what was encoded

retention

participants in the godden and baddeley experiment had higher percentages of word recalled when their retrieval condition and learning condition were

the same

how many cues can help us retrieve information

many

what factors impact encoding

diagnostic value, elaboration, testing retrieval practice, spaced practice, interference

degree to which same associated cues present at retrieval was at encoding

encoding-retrieval match

degree to which retrieval cue associated with other things

cue overload

effect of both the encoding retrieval match and cue overload

diagnostic value

engaging the information in a relatively superficial way

shallow processing

engaging the information in a more meaningful way

deep processing

what are the problems with the levels of processing

circular reasoning, effects may depend on type of retrieval

memory generally improved by

elaboration

create meaningful associations with target information

elaboration

using a familiar geographical route to associate new learning

method of loci

memorizing the set of words: one is a bun (etc.) and then inserting your target information in that

pegword method

what experiment tested foreign vocabulary words using the 4 conditions ST, SnTn, STn, and SnT

karpicke and Roedifer

In the Karpicke and Roedifer study, what group had the lowest testing scores?

SnTn

Which two conditions had the highest results in the Karpicke and Roedifer study?

ST and SnT

what was the take away from the Karpicke and Roediffer study?

retrieval is essential for long term retention