Senior Seminar Exam 2

Aging process

1. Growth and development

2. Refinement

3. Regression

Factors of the aging process

Occurs from birth to death, body changes throughout life, people live longer now, people are more active now

More than ___ children under the age of ___ are treated for sports-related injuries annually

3.5 million, 14 yo

ACL injury rate for female youth soccer players

1 in 19 or 4.7-7.6 injuries/1,000 hours of play

What age do ACL tears usually occur

15-19

Risk of ACL tears in female over males is

2-3x greater

Why do parents enroll their children in sports

Bigger houses, less space, need structured play

What are overuse injuries

Injuries that occur from repetitive stress without enough recovery

Reasons for overuse inuries

Early sport specialization, year round schedules, peer pressure, more organized youth leagues

Most common pediatric overuse injuries

Apophyseal injury, osgood-schlatter disease, severs disease, little league elbow

Apophyseal injury

Acute muscle contraction can lead to avulsion of an apophysis (equivalent to tendonitis in adults) localized pain and swelling, weakness, decreased ROM

Osgood schlatter’s disease

Pain and swelling at the tibial tuberosity where patellar tendon attaches. Common in adolescents who run and jump

Sever’s disease

Irritation of the heel growth plate

What is the typical onset for severs disease

Growth spurt ages (8-13 girls and 10-15 boys)

What is the main treatment for severs disease

Rest to allow decrease in pressure on the heel bone and decrease sweeling, ultimately reducing pain

Little league elbow

Medial apophysitis: Repetitive throwing causes stress on the growth plate and tendon attachment on inside of elbow. Pain and swelling on inner elbow

Treatment for LLE

Rest from throwing and activity modification w PT and gradual return

Physiological considerations in bone for PEDS

Epiphysis (longitudal growth), apophysis (bony protuberance where tendon or ligament attaches

Physiological considerations in articular for PEDS

Covers ends of long bones and increases 2x volume in healthy peds, leads to less OA, wolf's law

Physiological considerations in muscle for PEDS

Prior to puberty, muscle growth is the same (then testosterone occurs)

Physiological considerations in tendon for PEDS

Applied strain to apophysis (Achilles, patellar tendon, wrist flexors)

Physiological considerations in neurological for PEDS

Increase in ND causes increase in MU recruitment for muscle growth

Physiological considerations in thermoregulatory for PEDS

Kids have higher convection rates (20% more kg of body heat than adults)

Rehab interventions for bone, articular/tendon, neuromuscular, and thermoregulatory

Bone: minimal, articular/tendon: supervision, neuromuscular: repetition, thermoregulatory: take more breaks

Importance of pre-participation physical exams

1. Identifies risk factors before season begins

2. detects previous injuries

3. screens medical conditions affecting safe play

4. helps create specific programming

5. provides education

Kid’s are not____

Small adults

Generations are shaped by

Major events, technology, and culture

7 generations

Greatest, silent, baby boomers, X, Millennials, Z, Alpha

Greatest generation

1901-1924

Silent generation

1925-1945

Baby boomers

1946-1964

Gen X

1965-1980

Millenials

1981-1996

Gen Z

1997-2012

Alpha

2013-2025

Baby boomer’s work traits

Optimistic, enjoy mentoring, strong work ethic

Gen X’s work traits

Independent, innovative, strong communicators

Millenial’s work traits

Tech savvy, collaborative, focused on greater good

Gen Z’s work traits

Digitally fluent, practical, flourish in diverse workforces

As generations shift from silent to millennial, education ____

Increases

As generations shift from silent to millennial, marriage____

Occurs later in life

As generations shift from silent to millennial, women in work____

Increases

Gen Z facts

7.6 hrs a day socializing, 5 screens at once, 72% of teens want to start own business, 50% college education, 15.4 hours/week on phones, 8 second attention span

Peak physiological age is

20-mid 30s

Common body changes with age:

Muscular, skeletal, neural

Rehab considerations for geriatrics

Cardiovascular and neuromuscular

Other common considerations with geriatrics

Hearing, vision, and vascular