4.4 Earth's Atmosphere

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Last updated 6:28 PM on 10/6/26
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Composition of the Atmosphere

  • The atmosphere is a mix of different gases:

    • Nitrogen - 78 percent

    • Oxygen - 21 percent

    • Trace gases - 1 percent (Ar, Co2, Ne, He, CH4, Kr, H2, H2O)



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Layers of the Atmosphere

  • Atmosphere is a blanket of air covering the Earth from the ground up

    • Exosphere (600 - 10,000 km)

    • Thermosphere (85 - 600 km)

    • Mesosphere (50 - 85 km)

    • Stratosphere (20 - 50 km)

    • Troposphere (0 - 6-20 km) - varies depending on location


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Temperature Changes in the Atmospheric Layers

  • Air is most dense near the surface, temperature decreases at the top of the troposphere to tropopause

  • Stratosphere has a rise in temp with ozone (O3) formation

  • Mesosphere temp drops again due to thinning atmosphere

  • Thermosphere receives UV and X-ray radiation, so temp rises, still extremely thin air

  • Temperature continues to rise as you go out into space


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