bio genes

character

something inherited

trait

variations of a character

True breeding

self pollenating plants always produce the same variation

monohybrid cross

cross that tracks the inheritance of a single character

gene

spot on chromosomes that controls a trait

allele

alternate version of a gene (eg alternative version of a cake in a cake recipe)

dominant allele

trait is expressed

recessive allele

not expressed, covered up by dominant allele

heterozygote

two different alleles (Bb)

homozygote

two of the same alleles (BB or bb)

genotype

what the genes say (BB, Bb, bb)

phenotype

what an organism looks like

zygote

fertilized egg

gamete

sex cell

law of seperation

during meiosis, alleles separate form one another. gametes can recieve one out of these two alleles from the parent cell during meiosis

law of independent assortment

alleles of different unlinked genes assort independently during meiosis

law of dominance

alleles can be dominant or recessive. if dominant, it will mask the expression of the recessive trait