Context of Economic Issues (Araling Panlipunan 10)

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering economic issues in the Philippines, including poverty metrics, unemployment, underemployment, forced labor, and migration patterns.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total monetary value of all goods and services produced within the borders of a country over a specific time period.

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

An economic metric that measures an individual's purchasing capability to acquire goods and services regardless of the country they visit.

Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act (RA 8425)

A Philippine law defining poor Filipinos as those who struggle to meet their basic human needs and fall below the poverty line.

Unemployment

A labor condition referring to individuals aged $15$ years or older who are without a job, willing and available to accept paid work, and actively taking steps to search for employment or establish a business.

Educational Mismatch

A primary cause of unemployment where a student's degree, training, and qualifications do not align with the existing requirements of the labor market.

Frictional Unemployment

A type of unemployment that occurs when an individual is between jobs while actively searching for more stable or better-paying work.

Underemployment

A labor situation where individuals have employment but are unable to fully utilize their acquired skills, educational training, or potential working capacity.

Underemployed Invisibly

A category of underemployment involving workers who typically seek additional employment or secondary sources of income despite holding a job.

Underemployed Visibly

A category of underemployment involving individuals who work fewer hours than a standard workweek and possess the capacity to engage in full-time work.

Forced Labor

Coerced and involuntary labor whose most frequent victims are children, women, and migrant workers.

International Labour Organization (ILO)

An international agency reporting that approximately $3.3\text{ million}$ children globally are subjected to forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation.

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

The Philippine government agency responsible for implementing initiatives and measures to counter the abuse and exploitation of children and youth.

Batang Malaya

A child labor prevention program launched in $2019$ under the National Council Against Child Labor aiming to achieve a child-labor-free Philippines.

Human Trafficking

A modern form of slavery where individuals are recruited and exploited primarily for illicit commercial and financial gain.

Migration

Derived from the Latin root migrationem, referring to an individual's change of residence or geographic movement from one location to another.

Climate Migrant (Emigrant)

A person who is forced or chooses to relocate to another geographic region due to significant environmental changes or climate impacts.

Permanent Migrants

Migrants who relocate to another country with the primary intention of establishing long-term or permanent residency.

Temporary Migrants

Migrant workers who travel abroad under fixed-term employment contracts and are expected to return to the Philippines upon contract completion.

Irregular Migrants (TNT)

Migrants residing in an overseas destination without valid visas, legal residency permits, or required documentation (colloquially termed tago ng tago).

Brain Drain

The substantial emigration of educated professionals and highly trained specialists (such as healthcare workers) seeking higher pay and better working conditions abroad.

Social Cost of Migration

The societal consequences associated with large-scale migration, driven by domestic poverty, limited opportunities, rapid urban population growth, high unemployment, and inadequate public services.