properties of water and hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen Bond

A weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a partially negative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) in another molecule

Cohesion

The attraction between molecules of the same substance (e.g., water molecules sticking to each other).

Adhesion

The attraction between molecules of different substances (e.g., water molecules sticking to a glass surface).

Surface Tension

The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive forces of its molecules.

Specific Heat

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Heat of Vaporization

The amount of energy required to change a liquid into a gas.

Evaporative Cooling

The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler due to the evaporation of liquid.

Solvent

A substance that dissolves another substance.

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Aqueous Solution

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Hydrophilic

"Water-loving"; substances that dissolve in water or are attracted to water molecules (polar).

Hydrophobic

"Water-fearing"; substances that do not dissolve in water (nonpolar).

Acid

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution (pH < 7).

Base

A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution (pH > 7).

pH Scale

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (0-14).

Buffer

A substance that minimizes changes in pH.