Global Politics

Nationalism

Ideology asserting that a nation should be self-governing and prioritise its own interests and culture.

Nations

Cultural communities sharing common heritage or identity seeking self-determination.

Sovereignty

Supreme, independent authority of a state over its territory and population

States

Organised political entities possessing defined borders, a population, government, and recognition.

Allies

The alliance led by the US, UK, USSR, and China that defeated the Axis powers in WW2.

Axis Powers

The alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during WW2.

Fascism

An authoritarian, nationalist ideology prioritising state power and dictator control.

Communism

An ideology advocating state ownership of resources and a classless society.

Rules-Based Order

A system of international laws, treaties, and institutions designed to govern state behaviour.

Superpowers

Dominant global states with immense military, economic, and political influence (the US and USSR).

Developed Nations

Industrialised nations with high economic wealth and advanced infrastructure.

Developing Nations

Nations undergoing economic growth and industrialisation, often transitioning from colonial rule.

Bi-polar Power Structure

A global power structure dominated by two opposing superpowers.

Ultranationalism

Extreme, fanatical nationalism that promotes national superiority and active hostility towards other nations or internal minorities.

Genocide

The deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.

National Socialism

he political doctrine of the Nazi Party in Germany, combining totalitarian fascism with racial supremacy and anti-Semitism.

Antisemitism

Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination targeted specifically against Jewish people

Holocaust

The systematic, state-sponsored genocide of six million European Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators during WW2

Dehumanisation

The psychological and political process of reducing a group's humanity to make persecution and violence morally acceptable to perpetrators.

Statelessness

The condition of an individual who is not recognised as a citizen by any state under the operation of its laws.

Ethnic Cleansing

The systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given territory by a dominant group.

Liberal System

political and economic governance that focuses on individual freedom, civil rights, and the rule of law

Rules-Based Order

a shared system of international laws, rules, and institutions that guide how countries treat each other

Intergovernmental

existing, happening, or made between two or more different governments or levels of government

Multilateralism

An approach to international relations where three or more countries work together through shared rules and diplomacy to solve common problems.

Global Community

people and nations of the world that are connected by modern technology, and depend on each other for social, economic, and political needs

Third Agenda Issues

topics handled by third committee of the UN General Assembly, such as human rights, social development, protection, discrimination etc.

Collective Security

An international arrangement where multiple nations agree that an attack on any single member is an attack on all to encourage a joint response.

Interdependence

states and non-state actors are mutually reliant on one another

Globalisation

growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations

Regional Groupings

an association of nearby countries that work together on shared economic, political, or security goals

Transnational

going beyond the borders, limits, or interests of a single nation

Non-State Actors (NSAs)

Entities operating outside formal government authority that exert significant influence on global politics.

Customary Law

International standards derived from established practice and common consent rather than written treaties.

Multipolarity

a global power distribution in which three or more states or power blocs hold significant political, military, and economic influence

Unipolarity

a global system in which a single superpower exercises dominant economic, political, and military power

Middle Powers

states that are not global superpowers but hold significant diplomatic capability, regional influence, and international standing