middle east

Ney

• End blown flute

• 7 holes

• Aerophone

• used in Takht

Thawab

Spiritual reward in Islam

Zikr

• Sufi remembrance practice

• uses voice alone or voice with Percussion

Kawala

• end blown flute

• 6 finger holes

• Aerophone

• Used in Madh

Heterophony vs Monophony

Simultaneous variations of a single melody vs a single Melody

Ud

• plucked lute

• Fretless

• Sound board

• Chordophone

• Used in Madh and takht

Idiomatic

• Music is written in the context and with consideration of its Uses and culture

Maqam

• Heptatonic Mode concept

• 24 notes can divide the Octave

Heptatonic

7 note scale

Disjunct vs Conjunct tetra chords

Tetrachords with no overlapping middle note vs Ones with a shared pitch

Rast

Common maqam
-do re [mi 1/2 flat] fa sol la [si ½ flat] do

Quarter tone

interval halfway between half steps

Violin

• bowed chordophone

Qanun

• plucked zither

• Chordophone

• Used in takht

Mizmar

• double reed

• Aerophone

• Loud instrument

• Mazhar = larger version used in zaffa

• stick dancing

Darbuka

• goblet drum

• Membranophone

• Used in madh, zaffa and stick dancing

Violin

• bowed lute

• Used in takht and Madh

Riqq

• large tambourine

• Membranophone

• Used in takht

• Large

Duff

• large frame drum

• Used in Madh and zaffa

Iqa’at

• rhythmic cycle meter

• Asymmetrical

• Dumm takk sounds made by drum

• Most common is maqsum (dt-td-t)

Takht esemble

• Male musicians

Instruments: ud, violin, qanun, ney, darbukka, riqq

• accompanied singer

• Usually feature a taqasim

Taqasim

• solo improv in maqam style

Madh ensemble

• soloist accompanied by small ensemble

Instruments: kawal, violin, ud, darbuka, riqq, duff

Quran

The holy book of Islam, recited in a form of higher speech not considered to be singing 5 times a day

Zaffa

• wedding procession

• d- tkt- t- d- t- - -

Shababi

egyptian popular music

Haram

forbidden by Islamic law

Halal

permitted by Islamic Law

Rai

• Algerian music

• Uses synth and drum machines

• Cheb- singer of rai

Adhan

• Can be unembellished and syllabic or ornate
  -Done by a Muezzin

• no instrumental accompaniment

• Non metric

• Takes place 5 times a day

Stick dancing

• Male culture marital arts style dance based around sword fighting with sticks

• Mizmar, darbuka, and bass drum

Madh

• Sung sufi poetry

• Solo singer with small ensemble or solo voice only in mosques