Lecture 34- Porcine Skin disease, Baby pig management, FADs

What skin diseases were discussed in this lecture?

Greasy Pig Disease, sarcoptic mange, lice, sunburn, pityriasis rosea, and epitheliogenesis imperfecta

What organism causes Greasy Pig Disease?

Staphylococcus hyicus

What is another name for Greasy Pig Disease?

Exudative epidermitis

What type of dermatitis is associated with Greasy Pig Disease?

Extensive seborrheic dermatitis

What production effects can result from Greasy Pig Disease?

Reduced growth, dehydration, and death if untreated

What age pigs are most commonly affected by Greasy Pig Disease?

Piglets up to approximately 8 weeks of age

How does Staphylococcus hyicus usually gain entry into pigs?

Through scratches, cuts, or damaged skin

Is Greasy Pig Disease common worldwide?

Yes

What are important risk factors for Greasy Pig Disease?

High stocking density, poor ventilation, poor hygiene, trauma, and gilt litters

Why are gilt litters at increased risk for Greasy Pig Disease?

Lack of maternal immunity

Why are all litters at risk during herd startup or repopulation?

All litters are effectively gilt litters with limited immunity

What type of trauma predisposes pigs to Greasy Pig Disease?

Fighting and feed competition injuries

How is Greasy Pig Disease commonly diagnosed?

Characteristic greasy skin lesions and clinical signs

What important differential should be ruled out when diagnosing Greasy Pig Disease?

Pityriasis rosea

What antimicrobial class was recommended for Greasy Pig Disease treatment?

Beta-lactams

When should antimicrobial therapy be started?

Early in the disease course

What topical treatment approach was described for Greasy Pig Disease?

Antiseptic mineral oil treatment

How should Greasy Pig Disease lesions be conceptually managed?

Like a burn

What topical mixture was specifically mentioned?

Mineral oil and Nolvasan mixture

What is the clinically important form of mange in pigs?

Sarcoptic mange

What mite causes sarcoptic mange?

Sarcoptes scabiei

What type of mange is considered relatively unimportant in pigs?

Demodectic mange (Demodex phylloides)

Why is sarcoptic mange economically significant?

Reduced growth, feed efficiency, and sow fertility

How common is sarcoptic mange in commercial U.S. swine herds?

Mostly eliminated

Where is sarcoptic mange still commonly encountered?

Outdoor and backyard operations

How is sarcoptic mange transmitted?

Direct pig-to-pig contact

How does stocking density affect sarcoptic mange transmission?

Higher density increases transmission

How long do sarcoptic mites survive off the host?

Poorly; environmental contamination is usually insignificant

What environmental condition rapidly kills sarcoptic mites?

Desiccation

Are sarcoptic mites host-specific?

Yes

What is the most common clinical sign of sarcoptic mange?

Pruritus

How does mite burden affect clinical signs?

More mites cause more severe pruritus

How do growing pigs commonly respond to mange infestations?

Ear flapping and rubbing against walls or crates

How does mange affect production performance?

Reduced feed efficiency and growth

What skin changes can occur with chronic mange?

Thickened skin

How can thickened skin affect carcass value?

Downgrades carcasses during processing

How is sarcoptic mange diagnosed?

Inner-ear skin scrapings

What medium should skin scrapings be placed in?

Mineral oil

How are skin scrapings evaluated?

Dissecting microscope examination

What diagnostic limitation exists with skin scrapings?

False negatives occur

What serologic test is available for mange?

ELISA for Sarcoptes scabiei antibodies

What drugs were discussed for mange treatment?

Amitraz and ivermectin

Why are repeated topical treatments recommended?

Eggs survive initial treatment

What is the egg-to-egg life cycle of sarcoptic mange?

Approximately 10-14 days

What was the preferred eradication strategy for mange?

Whole-herd ivermectin treatment plus clean breeding stock

How was ivermectin administered during eradication?

Two injections 17-19 days apart

What management system helps control mange?

All-in/all-out management

What louse species infects pigs?

Haematopinus suis

What is the common name of Haematopinus suis?

Hog louse

Why are hog lice easy to identify?

They are one of the largest louse species

How are lice often first noticed?

Moving dirt spots

Why are lice uncommon in many commercial herds?

Mange control measures also eliminate lice

What type of parasite is Haematopinus suis?

Blood-sucking louse

Is Haematopinus suis host specific?

Yes

How long does development from egg to adult require?

About 6 weeks

How are lice transmitted?

Direct contact

Can lice survive in the environment?

Yes

Where are lice more commonly encountered?

Backyard and small-scale operations

What clinical signs are associated with lice infestation?

Extreme pruritus and self-trauma

What skin lesions may result from lice infestations?

Alopecia, erythema, excoriations, and crusting

What systemic consequence can occur with severe lice infestations?

Anemia

Which pigs are most susceptible to lice-associated anemia?

Piglets

How are lice controlled?

Spray-on, dust, and pour-on insecticides

Why is retreatment necessary for lice infestations?

Eggs may survive treatment

When should lice treatments be repeated?

2-3 weeks later

What environmental treatment may assist with lice control?

Treating bedding with insecticides

Which pigs are most susceptible to sunburn?

White pigs

What management failure predisposes pigs to sunburn?

Lack of shade

What unusual behavior may occur in sunburned pigs?

Pain-relieving bizarre behaviors

What happens to skin after sunburn?

Peeling

How is sunburn treated?

Lotions

What is pityriasis rosea?

Self-limiting skin disease with circular radiating lesions

What do pityriasis rosea lesions look like?

Circular, radiating, and slightly raised

What is the reported cause of pityriasis rosea?

Unknown

Where is pityriasis rosea best observed?

On the underside of the pig

What secondary complication may occur with pityriasis rosea?

Bacterial infection causing pustules

How should complicated pityriasis rosea be treated?

Like Greasy Pig Disease

Is pityriasis rosea generally a major concern?

No, it is usually self-limiting

What is epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

Congenital skin defect affecting newborn piglets

Where are lesions most commonly located in epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

Back and hips

What major baby pig management topics were discussed?

Dystocia, day-1 care, piglet treatments, and piglet processing

When should intervention occur during farrowing?

One hour straining without pigs, greater than 30 minutes between pigs, or farrowing longer than 2-3 hours

What must be confirmed before oxytocin administration?

Clear birth canal

Why is birth canal assessment essential before oxytocin use?

To prevent uterine rupture

What dose of oxytocin was discussed?

1-2 mL IM

How often may oxytocin injections be repeated?

Every 20-30 minutes

How should backward-presented piglets be delivered?

Manual extraction

How should forward-presented piglets be delivered if the hand is too large?

Cable snare or eye hook

What is savaging?

Sow or gilt attacking and killing newborn piglets

Which animals most commonly display savaging behavior?

Gilts

How should savaging be managed?

Remove piglets temporarily and maintain a calm environment

How long does it usually take for a sow to accept piglets?

Within about 12 hours

Can piglets still receive colostrum after temporary removal?

Yes

Which tranquilizer was mentioned for savaging?

Acepromazine

What hormone treatment was mentioned for savaging?

Oxytocin

What unusual home remedy was mentioned for savaging?

Beer

What are key Day-1 piglet management tasks?

Prepare farrowing room, attend farrowing, dry piglets, ensure colostrum intake, and cross-foster as needed

What is splay leg syndrome?

Limb weakness causing inability to stand

Which limbs are most commonly affected by splay leg?

Rear limbs

When does splay leg occur?

At birth or shortly afterward