Anatomy and physiology lab quiz axial muscles

head, torso, and back muscles

Flexion

Shortening angle

Extension

opening angle

Hyperextension

Opening angle past 180 degrees or normal

Abduction

moving away

Adduction

moving closer

rotation

movement along longitudinal axis

Pronation

movement from upward facing to downward

Supination

movement from downward to upward

Inversion

Turning inwards or medially

eversion

turning outwards or laterally

dorsiflexion

turning foot upwards

plantar flexion

turning foot downwards

frontalis/epicranium

forehead

raises eyebrows

orbicularis oculi

around eye

closes eye

zygomaticus

zygomatic bone

smiling muscle

extends to mouth

buccinator

below zygomatic

compress cheek

masseter

along jaw angle

primary jaw closure

Digastric

below jaw

opens mouth

orbicularis oris

around mouth

closes lips

temporalis

above temporal bone

jaw closure

sternocleidomastoid

behind ear

flexes neck

origin - sternum and clavicle

insertion - mastoid process

splenius

back of neck, behind trapezius

extends neck

origin - spinous process C-7 ~ T-6

insertion - mastoid process and occipital bone

Trapezius

trapezoid shape on back

raise, rotate, retract scapula

Deltoid

shoulder

prime mover of abduction

supraspinatus

rotator cuff muscle

abduction of arm

origin - supraspinous fossa

insertion - greater tubercle of humerous

infraspinatus

rotator cuff muscle

abduction of arm

origin - infraspinous fossa

insertion - greater tubercle

Teres minor

below infraspinatous

lateral rotation of arm

origin - lateral border of scapula

insertion - lesser tubercle

Subscapularis

underside of scapula

medial rotation of arm

origin - subscapular fossa

insertion - lesser tubercle

pectoralis major

chest

prime mover of flexion

external intercostals

angle downward

raises ribcage

internal intercostals

angle upwards

depress ribcage

Serratus anterior

below pecs/on side of ribs

holds scapula against chest wall

recuts adbominis

flexes vertebral column

abs

external oblique

points downward

rotation, lateral flexion

internal oblique

points upward

rotation, lateral flexion

transversus abdominis

bottom layer

compress abdominal contents

latissimus dorsi

large

prime mover of arm extension

lats

Diaphragm

inhalation