Music

what are the figure bass notations for triads

root position - 53 or nothing (5ht above bass and 3rd above bass)

1st position - 63 or 6

2nd position - 64

6-64

what are the figure bass notations for 7th chords

root position - 753 or 7 (7th above bass, 5th above bass, 3rd above bass note)

1st position - 653 or 65

2nd position - 643 or 43

3rd position - 642 0r 42

7- 65 - 43 - 42

what are the different textures? no definitions

• monophony

• heterophony

• homophony

• polyphony

what is a monophony, heterophony

• monophony - a single unaccompanied line of music (only 1 person playing or singing)

• heterophony - multiple variations of the same melodic line heard simultaneously across different voices - mostly the same rhythm with some embellishments/differences

what is homophony, polyphony

• homophony - multiple voices moving together harmonically at the same pace

  • homorythm - very similar/completely unison rhythm (melody and harmony move together in block chords)

  • melody & accompaniment - clear melody with supporting voices (singer and piano or percussion)

• Polyphony - multiple voices simultaneously - multiple voices blend together to crreate harmony (ex: at end of an act everybody sings their own song at the same time, canon singing)

what are chords in SATB style ?

• soprano, alto, tenor, bass

• soprano and tenor are stems up, alto and bass are stems down

• there should be no more than an octave btw adjacent upper voices (suprano & alto) (alto & tenor) and no more than a twelfth btw adjacent lower voices

• leading tone is never doubled

what makes up a major 7th chord, dominant 7th, minor 7th, half diminished 7th, diminished 7th.

• Maj 7th - major 3rd, perfect 5th, major 7th

• dom 7th - major 3rd, perfect 5th, minor 7th

• minor 7th - minor 3rd, perfect 5th, minor 7th

• half dim 7th - minor 3rd, diminished 5th, minor 7th

• dim 7th - minor 3rd, diminished 5th, diminished 7th

how to know the inverse of an interval? what are the properties of an inverse interval(3)?

• they all add up to 9 - (inverse of a 7th is a 2nd )

• major will become minor

• perfect will stay perfect

• diminished will become augmented

what are the triads of a major key? minor jey?

• major ket - major, minor, minor, major, major, minor, diminished, major

• minor key - minor, diminished, major, minor, minor, major, major

what is a suspended chord? what does it mean if there isn’t a number beside it ?

what is an add chord?

• omitting the third of a chord and putting another note instead

• its a sus4 - which means that you take the 3rd out and put in a 4th

• when you add a note to the chord - add4 is when you just add on a 4th ro the chords - it also implies that all the notes between that one and the root are involved as well

what is a natural minor, a harmonic minor, a melodic minor? do they ascend and descend?

• natural - w h w w h w w (ascend and descend)

• harmonic - w h w w h 1,5 h (wants a leading tone) (ascend and descend)

• melodic - w h w w w w h (only ascend, doesn’t descend)

what are the scale degrees with the sounds?

1) tonic (Do)

2) supertonic (Re)

3) mediant (me)

4) subdominant (fa)

5) dominant (so)

6) submediant (la)

7) subtonic (si) - only used in natural minor

7) leading tone (ti)

what is an embellishing tone?

tones the embellish notes that belong to the chord - in almost all cases, embellishing tones are notes that don’t belong in the chord

what is a passing tone? a neighbour tone? - when do they occur? (accent or no)

• passing - approached by a step and left by a step in the same direction (C-D-E)

  • they can be ascending (going up) or descending (going down)

  • can be accented or not

• neighbour - approached by step and left by a step in the opposite direction (D-E-D)

  • an be upper (D-E-D) or lower (C-B-C)

  • can be accented or not

what is an appoggiaturas? escape tone? when do they occur? (accent or n0)

• appoggiaturas - approached by a leap and left by a step in the opposite direction

  • can resolve down (G-C-B) or up (D-B-C)

  • typically on a stronger beat

• escape - approached by a step and left by a leap in the opposite direction

  • can resolve down (C-D-B) or up (C-B-D)

  • typically on a weaker beat

what is a suspension? a retardation? - accented?

• suspension - approached by a static note and left by a step down (A-A-G)

  • always on a stronger part of the beat

• retardation - approached by a static note and left by a step up (D-D-E)

  • always on a stronger part of the beat

what is an anticipation? a pedal tone? accented?

• anticipation - two-note gesture in which a chord is heard early as a non-chord tone (it anticipates its upcoming membership to a chord)

  • never on stronger part of the beat

• pedal tone - a series of static notes below chord changes that do not include the bass - they just vibing