ah 2001 muscular system

smooth muscle

• walls of hollow organs and ducts

• involuntary

• responsible for peristalsis

cardiac

• myocardium of heart wall

• functions involuntarily

• responsible for pumping of heart

skeletal

• attaches to bones

• voluntary

• maintain posture

• generate large portion of body heat

tonus

partial contraction of muscle, maintains firmness

acetylcholine (ACh)

neurotransmitter stimulating contraction of skeletal muscles

actin and myosin

contractile proteins in muscle cell

fascia

fibrous sheath of connective tissue that covers a muscle

fascicle

small bundle, as of muscle or nerve fibers

electromyography (EMG)

electrical study of muscle in action

myasthenia gravis

acquired auto immune disease where antibodies interfere with muscle stimulation at neuromuscular junction

progressive loss of muscle power

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/lou gehrig disease

progressive degeneration of motor neurons leading to muscular atrophy, leads to death

chronic fatigue syndrome

disease of unknown cause involving persistent fatigue, along with muscle and joint pain and other symptoms, could be virally induced

dermatomyositis

disease involving inflammation of muscles and dermatitis and skin rashes

fibromyalgia syndrome

disorder with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by progresisve weakness and atrophy of muscles

repetitive strain injury

tissue damaged caused by repeated motion

sprain

injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture

strain

trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive stretch

creatine kinase (CK)

enzyme found in muscle tissue; serum level of CK increases in cases of muscle damage, creatine phosphokinase

aponeurosis

flat, white, sheet like tendon that connects muscle with part that it moves

creatine

substance in muscle cells that stores energy for contraction

glycogen

complex sugar stored for energy in muscles and in the liver

isometric

pertaining to muscle action where the muscle tenses but does not shorten

isotonic

muscle action where muscle shortens to accomplish movement

kinesthesia

awareness of movement

lactate

organic compound accumulating in muscle cells functioning without enough oxygen, physical exertion

motor unit

single motor neuron and all of the muscle cells that its branches stimulate

myoglobin

pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells

asterixis

rapid, jerky movements in the hands

asthenia

weakness

ataxia

lack of muscle coordination

athetosis

condition marked by slow, irregular, twisting movements, esp in hands and fingers

atrophy

wasting away; decrease in size of tissue or organ

avulsion

forcible tearing away of a part

clonus

alternating spasmodic contraction and relaxation in a muscle

contracture

permanent contraction of a muscle

fasciculation

involuntary small contractions or twitching of muscle fiber groups

fibromyositis

nonspecific term for pain, tenderness, and stiffness in muscles and joints

fibrositis

inflammation of fibrous connective tissue

restless legs syndrome (RLS)

uneasiness, twitching in legs after going to bend and often leading to insomnia

rhabdomyolysis

acute disease involving diffuse destruction of skeletal muscle cells

rhabdomyoma

benign tumor of skeletal muscle

rhabdomyosarcoma

highly malignant tumor of skeletal muscle

rheumatism

general term for inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles associated w pain in joints

spasticity

increased tone or contractions of muscles causing stiff and awkward movements

tetanus

acute infectious disease caused by anaerobic bacillus; lockjaw

tetany

condition marked by spasms, cramps, muscle twitching caused by metabolic imbalance

torticollis

spasmodic contraction of neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; wryneck

chvostek sign

spasm of facial muscles after a tap over the facial nerve

dynamometer

measures degree of muscle power

occupational therapy

increases function and preventing disability through work and play activities

physical therapy

physical rehabilitation and prevent of disability

trousseau sign

spasmodic contractions caused by pressing nerve supplying a muscle; in tetany

anti-inflammatory agent

drug that reduces inflammation, includes steroids

COX-2 inhibitor

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that doesnt cause stomach problems with other NSAIDs

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

reduces inflammation but not steroid (ex aspirin, ibuprofen, etc.)

Ach

acetylcholine

ALS

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CFS

chronic fatigue syndrome