Family Relations Chapters 6,7,8,9,11

Racial- ethic group

people who share a common identity and whose members think of themselves as distinct from others by virtue of ancestry, culture, and sometimes physical characteristics

Hispanic

a person living in the United States who comes from or is descended from people who come from an asian country

mediating structures

mid level social institutions and groupings, such as the church, the neighborhood, the civic organization, and the family

total fertility rate (TFR)

the average number of children a women will bear over her lifetime if current age specific birthrates remain the same

consensual unions

a cohabiting relationship in which a couple consider themselves to be married but have never has a religious or civil marriage ceremony

assimilation

the process by which immigrant groups merge their culture and behavior with that of the dominant group in the host country

immigrant enclave

immigrant groups with educational levels that exceed the levels in both the sending and receiving countries

social capital

the resources that a person can access through his or her relationships with other people

Intersectionality

the extent to which the overlapping systems of class, racial, and gender based disadvantage affect the lives of black women.

union

a stable intimate relationship between two people who usually live in the same household but may or may not be married

courtship

a publicly visible process with rules and restrictions through which young people find a partner to marry

cohabitation

the sharing of a household by unmarried persons in a sexual relationship

serial cohabitation

living with two or more partners without marrying them

living apart together( LAT relationships)

a relationship in which two people define themselves as a couple but do not live together

Institutional marriage

a marriage in which the emphasis is on male authority, duty, and conformity to social norms

companionate marriage

a marriage in which the emphasis is on affection, friendship, and sexual gratification

individualistic marriage

a marriage in which the emphasis is on self-development, flexible roles, and open communication

deinstitutionalization of marriage

the idea that alternatives to marriage are more acceptable and more prevalent than in the past

enforceable trust

the ability to enforce the agreements one has made with a partner

marriage market

an analogy to the labor market in which single individuals (or their parents) search for others who will marry them (or their children)

specialization model

a model of the marriage market in which women specialize in housework and childcare and men specialize in paid work outside the home

income-pooling model

a model of marriage market in which both spouses work for pay and pool their income

union formation

the process of beginning to live with a partner through cohabitation or marriage

labor force

all people who are working for pay or who are looking for paid work

service sector

workers who provide personal services such as education, health care, communication, restaurant meals, legal representation, entertainment, and so forth

care work

activity in which one person meets the needs of spouses, partners, children, parents, or others who cannot fully care for themselves

time-diary studies

surveys in which people are asked to keep a record of what they are doing every minute during a time period

gender essentialism

the acceptance of the principle of equality between men and women combined with the belief that women and men are innately different

normal unpredictability

the pervasiveness of unpredictability in job hours and schedules which makes it difficult for workers to control time

spillover

the transfer of mood or behavior between work and home

remote-work

doing work from home using electronic communication

family-responsive workplace

a work setting in which job conditions are designed to allow employees to meet their family responsibilities more easily

flextime

a policy that allows employees to choose, within limits, when they will begin and end their working hours

parental leave

time off from work for a child

authoritative style

a parenting style in which parents combine high levels of emotional support with consistent, moderate control of their children

permissive style

a parenting style in which parents provide emotional support but exercise little control over their children

authoritarian style

a parenting style in which parents combine low levels of emotional support with coercive attempts at control of their children

norms

a widely accepted rule about how people should behave

value

a goal or principle that is held in high esteem by a society

androgynous behavior

behavior that has both masculine and feminine characteristics

multipartner fertility

having children with more than one partner during one’s lifetime

mass incarceration

extremely high rates of imprisonment, particularly of African American males

domestic violence

violent acts between family members or between partners in intimate or dating relationships

situational couple violence

violence that arises from a specific situation in which one or both partners act aggressively in anger

coercive controlling violence

a pattern in which a man seeks to control the behavior of his partner through repeated, serious, violent acts

child abuse

an act by a parent or caretaker that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation

incest

sexual relations with one’s child, brother, or sister

poly-victimization

experiencing multiple types of child maltreatment

elder abuse

abuse or neglect of an elderly person by a caregiver

social learning perspective

the theory that individuals learn behavior they will later exhibit by observing what others do and seeing the consequences of these actions

frustration-aggression perspective

the theory that aggressive behavior occurs when a person is blocked from achieving a goal

social exchange perspective

the theory that people calculate whether to engage in a particular behavior by considering the rewards and costs of that behavior and the rewards of alternatives to it