MIDTERM WORDS

Arthr/o

joint

Dermat/o or Derm/o

skin

Gastr/o

stomach

Oste/o

bone

My/o

muscle

Cardi/o

heart

Epi-

upon, on, above

Sub-

under, below

Inter-

between

Intra-

within

Infra-

below, beneath

Tachy-

fast, rapid

Brady-

slow

Super-, Supra-

above, excessive

Hypo-

below, deficient, decreased

Hyper-

above, excessive, increased

Trans-

across, through

Poly-

many, much

A-

without, not

Peri-

around

En-

in, within

Endo-

within, inner

-megaly

enlargement

-pathy

disease

-malacia

abnormal softening

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-ectomy

surgical removal

-graphy

process of recording

-ostomy

surgical creation of an opening

-trophy

development or nourishment

-plasty

surgical repair

-gram

record or image

-graph

instrument used to record

-oma

tumor or mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-cyte

cell

-itis

inflammation

-algia

pain

-scopy

visual examination

-ic

pertaining to

-a

pertaining to

-us

pertaining to

-al

pertaining to

-ous

pertaining to

Prone

lying face down

Supine

lying face up

Inferior

below or away from the head

Superior

above or toward the head

Distal

farther from the point of attachment or trunk

Proximal

closer to the point of attachment or trunk

Anterior or Ventral

toward the front of the body

Posterior or Dorsal

toward the back of the body

Medial

toward the midline of the body

Caudal

toward the lower end or tailbone

Cephalad

toward the head

-kinesia

movement

Hyperkinesia

excessive or increased movement

Myasthenia

muscle weakness

Myasthenia gravis

autoimmune disorder causing fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue

Polymyositis

inflammation of multiple skeletal muscles

Rotation

turning a body part around its axis

Abduction

movement away from the body's midline

Adduction

movement toward the body's midline

Onych/o

nail

Onychomalacia

abnormal softening of the nails

Cutane/o or Cut/o

skin

Derm-

skin

Dermatoplasty

surgical repair of the skin

Excoriation

scratch or abrasion caused by rubbing or scratching

Alopecia

hair loss

Albino

person with little or no melanin pigmentation

Melanin

pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes their color

Eczema

inflammatory skin condition causing itching, redness, and sometimes vesicles, oozing, and crusting

Vitiligo

loss of skin pigmentation in irregular patches due to destruction or loss of melanocytes

Basal cell carcinoma

skin cancer arising from basal cells of the epidermis

Squamous cell carcinoma

skin cancer arising from squamous cells of the epidermis

Dermabrasion

procedure that removes superficial layers of skin by mechanically abrading it

Axial skeleton

bones of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage forming the body's central axis

Appendicular skeleton

bones of the limbs and the shoulder and pelvic girdles

Carpals

wrist bones

Cervical vertebrae

seven vertebrae of the neck

Thoracic vertebrae

twelve vertebrae of the upper and middle back

Lumbar vertebrae

five vertebrae of the lower back

Femur

thigh bone

Humerus

upper arm bone

Flex

to bend a joint and decrease the angle between bones

Synovial cavity

space within a synovial joint containing synovial fluid

Per-

through, throughout

Xero-

dry

-clasis

surgical breaking

-closis

surgical breaking

-otomy

surgical incision

-rrhaphy

surgical suturing

-tresia

abnormal opening

-ptosis

drooping

-ptysis

spitting

-paresis

partial paralysis or weakness

-tonia

muscle tone

Dystonia

abnormal muscle tone causing involuntary muscle contractions

Atrophy

decrease in size of tissue