PCC Exam 2 study guide

culture

a complex and dynamic concept that includes the social norms, behaviors, and beliefs of a group of people

diversity

-looks at differences among people in a society based on race, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, sex orientation, culture etc

multiculturalism

accommodates diversity and incorporates inclusion

-promotes the acceptance of and respect for individual differences and requires one to be aware of advantages and challenges encountered by various groups

(the US is multicultural)

accultration

a learning process though which immigrants assume the characteristics of that culture

-concurrent process of cultural and psychological change occuring when ind or groups from one cultre are placed in contact with one another and acquire new elements.

-accepts their own and other cultures

vulnerable populations

groups more liekly to develop health problems and experience poorer outcomes because of limited access of care, high risk behaviros and or multiple cumulative stressors (homelessness, instability, mental illness, diabilities, very young and very old).

ex: native american adn native alaskan populations (type 2 diabetes under 20 yrs of age)

cultural competence

the ability to effectively incorporate culture into the provision of care, to show respect, accept differences, and empower decision making (developmental process)

-empowers the client’s participation in healthcare decisions

cultural humility

a humble and respectful attitude toward individuals of other cultures that pushes one to challenge their own biases, and realize they cannot know everything about another culture

-apporach learning as a lifelong goal and process

-outcomes: health equity, respectful partnerships, patient-centered care, and power-balanced relationships

vulnerable populations and how cultural beliefs influence

-personal value: a principle or standard that has meaning or worth to an individual

-belief: something one accepts as true

-practice: a set of behaviors that one follows

biomedical health practices

- conquer disease

-physiological aspects: clinical disease management and the biological processes of it

-antiobiotics to kill bacteria; allopathy: medical ractice that treats disease with remedies that couneract the effects of the disease

holistic healthcare

-complementary or alternative (CAM)

-harmony and balance of the body with nature; ayurveda: body working together with ind spirituality, emotions, culture, relationships, environements, and other aspects

-herbal teas, focus on rest and digest (remedies)

folk health practices

-healers speak their native language, values, beliefs, charge less money and are readily available and visit the sick at home

-indigenous healthcare: traditional non pharmaceutical meds passed down from generations;

-religious rituals with births, Magico-Religious Folk: charms, holy words, rituals, holy actions.

communication techniques and culturally sensitive assessment

-ask people what race they identify as and what name they prefer to use- gather data directly from your client

-open ended questions- empathy, respect trust

-dont use stereotypes (often negative)

-archetypes aren’t negative

culturally sensitive physical assessment

-assess the skin with knowledge of biocultural variations

-assess for pain with a pain scale

nursing strategies for culturally competent care

-You will need information about clients’ cultural values, beliefs, and practices to identify and implement the interventions that will support these practices

-find out conflicting home remedies, folk or alternative treatments

-vulnerable pops: focus on strengths and resources not difficulties and risks

factors affecting nutritional status- -developmental stage

at specific stages nutriotnal needs and eating paterns vary according to physiological growth, activity level and metabolic process, disease prevention etc

-developmental delays can result when infants digest cows milk

factor influencing nutritional status - culture

-ex: people without access to refrigeration eat salted meats and dried fruits and cook with spices to combat microbes

-fasting in certain relgions

-obesity in black aduts

-cultural beliefs, perceptions and attitudes about wight may not match tose of health provider

-mediterranean, asian, indian, hispanic

factors influencing nutritional status- disease processes

chronic diseases can alter nutrient intake, digeston, absorption, use and excretion

-illness increases need for protein, water and calories

-nutrition can also be affected by the drugs and therapies used to treat them ex: chemo can cause oral ulcers with can interfere with eating

factors influencing nutritional status: social determinants of health

-

how to perform a physical assessment

recognize anthropometrics: body weight, BMI, abdominal circumference

precontemplation-transtheoretical model (stages of change)

stage 1-precontemplation: patients have no intention to change behavior in the foreseeable future because they are unaware or underaware of their problems. they do not contemplate change. ex:

contemplation-transtheoretical model

stage 2-contemplation: patients are seriously thinking about overcomig a problem but they have not yet made a commitment o take actin

preparation transtheoretical model

stage 3- preparation: ind are intending to take action in the next month and are reporting small behviral changes (baby steps)

action transtheretical model

stage 4-action: patients implement the plan; requires considerable commitment of time and energy

maintenance transthereotical model

stage 5-maintenance: ind are working to prevent relapse and they grow increasingly more confident that the change can be sustained

termination transtheoretical model

stage 6- termination: persons who enter into the termination stage have changed the behavior and are not in danger of relapse