HONORS BIO enzymes

Africa part two enzymes

Identify the final products of this chemical reaction: 6 CO + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

C6H12O6 and 6O2

Generalize the type of molecule needed for a chemical reaction to start quicky, and ultimately lower amount of energy required to finish the reaction:

catalyst.

Observe the the lock-and-key model of an enzyme function shown in the figure below.  Evaluate what is likely happening at the end of the reaction - far right?

 

The catalyzed reaction is releasing a product that was broken apart.

Identify which aspect of a chemical reaction is affected most by enzymes?

 

rate

Generalize the phrase that best describes the effect of a catalyst/enzyme on a chemical reaction?

decreases the activation energy

Predict why enzymes affect chemical reactions so quickly in the stomach, when making smaller molecules from larger molecules....such as glucose and galactose from lactose?

enzymes weaken hydrogen bonds with substrates requiring less energy to break a substrate.

Identify the specific reactants that an enzyme binds to and acts upon/changes are referred to as

substrates.

Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme in the human stomach.  Antacids cause the pH of the stomach to increase, and protein digestion becomes less efficient. Predict what likely occurs to reduce the efficiency of protein digestion when pH increases?

The active site (shape of the enzyme) of pepsin likely denatures and no longer works.

The enzyme peroxidase is found in all living organisms and is responsible for speeding up the chemical reaction as follows:

 

H2O2  + peroxidase →  H20 (liquid)  +  O2 (gas)

*Reactants on the left ----> Products on the right

 

Predict what would likely be the result of increasing the quantity of peroxidase into the reaction?

There would be more products produced quicker.

Imagine that you set up two test tubes using 5 mL of lactose syrup and 0.5 mL of lactase. Test tube #1 was incubated at 98°F, while test tube #2 was incubated at 85°F.  Both test tubes were incubated for 10 minutes. Predict at the end of 10 minutes, the amount of substrate produced in tube #2, when compared to test tube #1:

lower, as there would be fewer collisions between the substrate and the enzyme.

Identify how a biologist would describe someone who produces the enzyme lactase into adulthood?

A person who is able to have lactose into adulthood.

Imagine a world without the presence of enzymes.  Predict what may be necessary to allow for reactions to sustain life fast enough and rid the body of chemical wastes.

higher temperatures

Evaluate the graph below and predict the optimal pH for the blue enzyme.

 

7

Evaluate the graph below and predict the optimal temperature for the blue enzyme.

 

38

Imagine you are a students who placed a piece of liver into hydrogen peroxide.  Hydrogen peroxide is a metabolic poison for the body and needs to be broken down immediately by cells.  Based on what you know about enzymes and substrates, predict the name of the enzyme that likely breaks down hydrogen peroxide?

peroxidase

Based on the image below and the studies you did in class, identify which letter represents the enzyme and the substrate?

hand is the enzyme and toothpicks are the substrate

Imagine you are doing an experiment that requires you to make observations of what happens after mixing peroxidase with the substrate H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide).  You conduct four experiments: Experiment A is conducted at 70 F, experiment B is conducted at 35 F, experiment C is conducted at 90 F, and experiment D is conducted at 60 F.  Based on what you know about enzyme function, list the experiments in the order in which they would happen the slowest to the fastest.    

 

B, D, A, C