APUSH Ch. 28-29 Progressives and WWI Exam

Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT

A. imposition of an income tax

B. imposition of poll taxes

C. extension of suffrage to women

D. prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages

E. procedures for electing United States senators

B. imposition of poll taxes

Which of the following occurred on the home front during the First World War?

A. The United States public expressed widespread anti-German sentiment.

B. Military commanders desegregated the armed forces.

C. The United States government placed Japanese Americans in relocation camps.

D. Women joined the military in large numbers.

E. The federal government issued rationing coupons for food and gasoline.

A. The United States public expressed widespread anti-German sentiment.

"National I must remain, and in that way I like all other Americans can render the amplest service to the world. The United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good and endanger her very existence. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come as in the years that have gone."

Henry Cabot Lodge on the League of Nations, 1919

The ideas used in the excerpt most directly reflect the influence of what?

A. Roosevelt Corollary

B.Alfred Thayer Mahan's Influence of Sea Power Upon History

C. Washington's Farewell Address

D. Manifest Destiny

C. Washington's Farewell Address

The Germans were eventually demoralized by

A. the United States' military performance.

B. defeat at the Battle of Meuse-Argonne.

C. the United States' troop reserves.

D. Russia's entry into the war.

C. the United States' troop reserves.

The main point of the cartoon is most comparable to the idea that

A. President Roosevelt wanted to tame capitalism and not end it.

B. the Sherman Antitrust Act was unenforceable.

C. President Roosevelt wanted to destroy all trusts.

D. President Roosevelt often did not practice what he preached.

A. President Roosevelt wanted to tame capitalism and not end it.

Which of the following correctly describes the Committee on Public Information?

A. It was the first organization to oppose legalizing abortion.

B. It was a business lobby against Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.

C. It was established to mobilize domestic support for the war effort during the First World War.

D. It was the effort led by Samuel Adams to rally colonists against British taxes.

E. It was an antislavery group that formed after the Compromise of 1850.

C. It was established to mobilize domestic support for the war effort during the First World War.

Wilson's Fourteen Points incorporated all of the following EXCEPT

A. open diplomacy

B. freedom of the seas

C. recognition of Allied economic and territorial agreements made during the war

D. creation of an international organization to preserve the peace and security of its members

E. national self-determination

C. recognition of Allied economic and territorial agreements made during the war

With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans

A. earnestly hoped to stay out of the war.

B. favored entering the war in support of the Allies.

C. supported the Central Powers.

D. favored U.S. mediation of the conflict.

A. earnestly hoped to stay out of the war.

"The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst, in their own and other races. Now the training of men is a difficult and intricate task. Its technique is a matter for educational experts, but its object is for the vision of seers. If we make money the object of man-training, we shall develop money-makers but not necessarily men; if we make technical skill the object of education, we may possess artisans but not, in nature, men. Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools—intelligence, broad sympathy, knowledge of the world that was and is, and of the relation of men to it."

W. E. B. Du Bois, "The Talented Tenth," 1903

Which of the following best describes the relationship of ideas such as those in the excerpt to the broader Progressive reform movement of the era?

A. The ideas in the excerpt were adopted widely by Progressive reformers as worthy objectives.

B. Progressive presidents supported the ideas in the excerpt while social reformers tended to reject them.

C. State laws addressing Progressive reform issues tended to incorporate ideas like those in the excerpt.

D. The ideas in the excerpt challenged the racial stereotypes held by many White Progressive reformers.

D. The ideas in the excerpt challenged the racial stereotypes held by many White Progressive reformers.

"National I must remain, and in that way I like all other Americans can render the amplest service to the world. The United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good and endanger her very existence. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come as in the years that have gone."

Henry Cabot Lodge on the League of Nations, 1919

Supporters of the author of this excerpt most likely opposed what ideal?

A. Required military intervention in foreign conflicts

B. Cooperation among countries across hemispheres

C. Economic aid to European countries

D. International judicial litigation.

A. Required military intervention in foreign conflicts

"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona."

The message above had which of the following effects?

A. It helped the Hearst newspapers to garner public support for the war against Spain.

B. It led to accusations against alleged communists in the State Department.

C. It resulted in the Palmer raids of 1919.

D. It was used to justify a declaration of war against Mexico.

E. It pushed the United States closer to participation in the First World War.

E. It pushed the United States closer to participation in the First World War.

"The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. . . . The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right."

Majority opinion of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States, 1919

The restrictions imposed by the Schenck decision most directly contradicted which of the following earlier developments in the United States?

A. Arguments for self-government asserted in the Declaration of Independence

B. Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791

C. Assertion of federal power over states' rights in the 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland decision

D. Expansion of voting rights during President Andrew Jackson's administration

B. Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791

The United States home front during the First World War was marked by an increase in all of the following EXCEPT

A. tax rates on individuals and estates

B. government regulation of fuel, food, and transportation

C. employment opportunities for African Americans and Mexican Americans

D. participation of women in factory work, government service, and volunteer work

E. support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court

E. support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court

Conservative Republican opponents of the Treaty of Versailles argued that the League of Nations would

A. isolate the United States from postwar world affairs

B. prevent the United States from seeking reparations from Germany

C. violate President Wilson's own Fourteen Points

D. limit United States sovereignty

E. give England and France a greater role than the United States in maintaining world peace

D. limit United States sovereignty

"The remedy for... inefficiency lies in systematic management.... The fundamental principles of scientific management are applicable to all kinds of human activities, from our simplest individual acts to the work of our great corporations.... At the works of Bethlehem Steel, for example,... thousands of stop-watch observations were made to study just how quickly a laborer... can push his shovel into the pile of materials and then draw it out properly loaded.... With data of this sort before him, . . . the man who is directing shovelers can first teach them the exact methods which should be employed to use their strength to the very best advantage."

Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911

Taylor's ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly in response to which of the following developments in the United States?

A. The need for rebuilding infrastructure after the Civil War

B. The rise of industrial capitalism

C. An increase in the standard of living

D. Excessive government regulation of business

B. The rise of industrial capitalism

"The remedy for... inefficiency lies in systematic management.... The fundamental principles of scientific management are applicable to all kinds of human activities, from our simplest individual acts to the work of our great corporations.... At the works of Bethlehem Steel, for example,... thousands of stop-watch observations were made to study just how quickly a laborer... can push his shovel into the pile of materials and then draw it out properly loaded.... With data of this sort before him, . . . the man who is directing shovelers can first teach them the exact methods which should be employed to use their strength to the very best advantage."

Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911

Which of the following groups of people would have been most likely to oppose Taylor's management ideas?

A. Tenant farmers

B. Owners of large businesses

C. Factory workers

D. White-collar professionals

C. Factory workers

W. E. B. Du Bois differed in philosophy from Booker T. Washington in that Du Bois believed

A. African Americans should pursue immediate and full equality

B. economic success would lead to political equality

C. job training was ultimately more important than formal education

D. civil rights would come through local efforts rather than national organization

E. segregation was a southern problem more than a national one

A. African Americans should pursue immediate and full equality

The term "muckrakers" was used in the early twentieth century to refer to

A. laborers who worked in the meatpacking industry

B. baseball players who lost important games on purpose to collect large bribes

C. writers who wrote articles sympathetic to big business

D. captains of industry who defended the accumulation of wealth in lectures and pamphlets

E. journalists who wrote articles exposing political corruption and urban poverty

E. journalists who wrote articles exposing political corruption and urban poverty

President Theodore Roosevelt addressed all of the following issues during his presidency EXCEPT

A. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry

B. monopolization and consolidation in the railroad industry

C. railroad freight rates

D. insider trading on the stock market

E. unsafe drug products

D. insider trading on the stock market

The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily

A. farmers interested in improving agricultural production

B. immigrant activities attempting to change restrictive immigration laws

C. representatives of industries seeking higher tariffs

D. workers concerned with establishing industrial unions

E. middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues

E. middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues

"If we do not follow the most scientific approved methods, the most modern discoveries of how to conserve and propagate and renew wherever possible those resources which Nature in her providence has given to man for his use but not abuse, the time will come when the world will not be able to support life, and then we shall have no need of conservation of health, strength, or vital force because we must have the things to support life or everything else is useless.... [D]o not forget that the conservation of life itself must be built on the solid foundation of conservation of natural resources, or it will be a house built upon the sands that will be washed away."

Marion Crocker, General Federation of Women's Clubs, 1912

People who shared Crocker's ideas at the time most typically sought to achieve their goals by

A. proposing the use of new technologies to reduce pollution

B. seeking partnerships with business leaders to manage emissions

C. promoting federal legislation to protect the environment

D. creating alliances with politicians to promote sustainable farming

C. promoting federal legislation to protect the environment

When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that called for

A. immediate American aid to the Allied powers

B. acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas

C. American trade with Europe on a cash-and-carry basis only

D. a strict embargo on trade with all warring nations

E. strict prohibition of American travel on the ships of belligerents

B. acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas

"Who has registered the knowledge or approval of the American people of the course this Congress is called upon in declaring war upon Germany? Submit the question to the people, you who support it. You who support it dare not do it, for you know that by a vote of more than ten to one the American people as a body would register their declaration against it.

"I venture to say that the response which the German people have made to the demands of this war shows that it has a degree of popular support which the war upon which we are entering has not and never will have among our people. The espionage bills, the conscription bills, and other forcible military measures . . . [are] proof that those responsible for this war fear that it has no popular support. . . .

"It was our absolute right as a neutral [power] to ship food to the people of Germany. That is a position that we have fought for through all of our history. . . .

"The only reason why we have not suffered the sacrifice of just as many ships and just as many lives from the violation of our rights by the war zone and the submarine mines of Great Britain as we have through the unlawful acts of Germany in making her war zone in violation of our neutral rights is simply because we have submitted to Great Britain's dictation. . . . We have not only a legal but a moral responsibility for the position in which Germany has been placed . . . . By suspending the rule [of law] with respect to neutral rights in Great Britain's case, we have been actively aiding her in starving the civil population of Germany. We have helped to drive Germany into a corner, her back to the wall, to fight with what weapons she can lay her hands on to prevent the starving of her women and children, her old men and babes."

Senator Robert La Follette, speech in the United States Senate, 1917

A limitation of the excerpt as evidence of the reasons for United States entry into the First World War was that it

A. expressed opposition to war with Germany

B. was given by an influential political leader

C. asserted that Germans supported the war

D. was delivered during the war declaration debates

A. expressed opposition to war with Germany

"Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These men could not be shown to the visitor - for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for the other men, who worked in the tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting - sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out into the world as Dunham's Pure Beef Lard!"

Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906

Sinclair's writing contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

A. Increased deregulation of major industries

B. Greater government regulation to protect workers and consumers

C. Civil service reforms to end corruption in government

D. An increase in government's responsiveness to the people through direct election

B. Greater government regulation to protect workers and consumers

Source: Espionage Act, 1918.

Whoever, when the United States, is at war, shall willfully make or convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies...and whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully cause or attempt to cause insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the United States...and whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully obstruct the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States...shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both...

Which of the following was most likely prohibited during the WWI years as a result of the law above?

A. peacefully protesting war against Germany

B. writing a book that glorified Germany

C. discouraging someone from registering for the war draft

D. traveling on British passenger ships

C. discouraging someone from registering for the war draft

All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT

A. the continued efforts of the Anti-Saloon League

B. the fervor of the First World War lending patriotism to the cause of prohibition

C. the Progressive belief in social reform

D. the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws

E. the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

E. the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

To regain the power that the people had lost to the "interests," progressives advocated all of the following EXCEPT

A. initiative.

B. referendum.

C. socialism.

D. direct election of U.S. senators.

C. socialism.

One reason early twentieth century muckrakers were able to have a significant impact on society was because

A, sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased

B. most citizens of the United States were already convinced that Jim Crow laws must be overturned

C. they had the sympathy and support of industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller

D. drought conditions in the Midwest drew attention to social problems

E. radio programs devoted to the problems in cities attracted wide listening audiences

A, sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased

The banner in the photograph was intended to

A. promote the idea of women's rights in America.

B. compare political systems between the US and Germany.

C. highlight the corruption of the German Kaiser.

D. show how upper class women were presented during the Progressive era.

A. promote the idea of women's rights in America.

A key goal of the Progressive movement was to

A. replace capitalism with socialism

B. transform the United States into an agrarian republic

C. use government power to regulate industrial production and labor conditions

D. eliminate class differences in the United States

E. bring about racial integration in public accommodations

C. use government power to regulate industrial production and labor conditions

The cartoon above portrays President Wilson trying to

A. conceal from the public the true reason for United States entry into the First World War

B. arouse public support for United States entry into the First World War

C. assess the public's support of his bid for a third presidential term

D. warn the public that Germany had not been treated fairly at Versailles

E. arouse public support for the Treaty of Versailles

E. arouse public support for the Treaty of Versailles

"As the early years at Hull House show, female participation in that area of reform grew out of a set of needs and values peculiar to middle-class women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Settlement workers did not set out to become reformers. They were rather women trying to fulfill existing social expectations for self-sacrificing female service while at the same time satisfying their need for public recognition, authority, and independence. In the process of attempting to weave together a life of service and professional accomplishment, they became reformers as the wider world defined them."

— Robyn Muncy, historian, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, 1890-1935, published in 1991

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the trend described in the excerpt?

A. The development of the Progressive movement to address social problems associated with industrial society

B. The emergence of the Populist Party's efforts to increase the role of government in the economy

C. The election of large numbers of women to political offices

D. The increased participation of women in factory work

A. The development of the Progressive movement to address social problems associated with industrial society

Of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, the one that he hoped would provide a system of collective security was the

A. reduction of armaments.

B. League of Nations.

C. principle of national self-determination of peoples.

D. guarantee of freedom of the seas.

B. League of Nations.

Woodrow Wilson showed the limits of his progressivism by

A. opposing workingmen's compensation.

B. accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy.

C. opposing the entry of women into politics.

D. vetoing the Federal Farm Loan Act.

B. accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy.

President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the American people to enter World War I by

A. appealing to America's tradition of intervention in Europe.

B. convincing the public of the need to make the world safe from the German submarine.

C. promising territorial gains.

D. pledging to make the war "a war to end all wars" and to make the world safe for democracy.

D. pledging to make the war "a war to end all wars" and to make the world safe for democracy.

The cartoon focuses most explicitly on President Roosevelt's support of

A. conservation.

B. consumer protection.

C. corporate regulation.

D. labor rights.

C. corporate regulation.

Which of the following best characterizes the muckrakers of the early twentieth century?

A. They were primarily concerned with racial issues.

B. They were mostly recent immigrants to the United States.

C. They were leading critics of urban boss politics.

D. Their influence on public opinion was greatest after the First World War.

E. They wrote primarily for an academic audience.

C. They were leading critics of urban boss politics.

African American migration to the urban North during the First World War was due primarily to

A. racially integrated residential neighborhoods in Northern cities

B. increased educational opportunities resulting from affirmative-action programs

C. recruitment efforts by labor unions

D. expanded job opportunities in Northern factories

E. encouragement by White Protestant churches in the North

D. expanded job opportunities in Northern factories

Although Progressive Era reformers held different opinions about many issues of the day, they shared a belief in

A. the creation of a classless society

B. the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems

C. an ideal society based on shared ownership through voluntary organizations rather than increasing government power

D. the expanding role of the United States as an imperial power

E. the creation of an organization to promote international peace

B. the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems

The poster above advertising a 1913 labor union pageant was designed to do which of the following?

A. Promote the idea that labor unions exist primarily for the purpose of supporting the arts

B. Warn the community about the union's communist connections

C. Portray the strikers as the heroic champions of workers and ordinary people

D. Intimidate citizens into supporting a powerful labor movement

E. Advocate employment for striking workers

C. Portray the strikers as the heroic champions of workers and ordinary people