ap unit 1

Champa Rice

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season; led to increased populations in Song Dynasty China. Originally introduced into Vietnam from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.)

Proto-industrialization

a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell

Scholar Gentry

in China, a group of people who controlled much of the land and produced most of the candidates for civil service

Filial Piety

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.

Grand Canal

The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Dynasty.

Meritocracy

government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability; used in China via the Civil Service Exam

Syncretic

The unification or blending of opposing people, ideas, or practices, frequently in the realm of religion. For example, when Christianity was adopted by people in a new land, they often incorporate it into their existing culture and traditions.

Neo-Confucianism

The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief.

House of Wisdom

Large Islamic-based Library and learning center. Focus of conversion of Greek and Roman classics and Indian learning into Arabic. Preserved knowledge.

Sufi

An Islamic mystical tradition that desired a personal union with God--divine love through intuition rather than through rational deduction and study of the Shari'a. Followed an ascetic routine (denial of physical desire to gain a spiritual goal), dedicating themselves to fasting, prayer, meditation on the Qur'an, and the avoidance of sin. A person who follows this.

Muhammad

the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)

Bhakti Movement

An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.

Delhi Sultanate

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.

Srivijaya Empire

Sea based kingdom in SE Asia, Hindu based on Sumatra, built up navy and state charging fees for ships traveling through Malacca Straight

Mexica

(Aztec Empire) Created massive empire in Central Mexico 1300-1400's, capital of Tenochtitlan, est. confederation, ruling over surrounding people through tribute and est. theocracy, belief in human sacrifice

city-state (mayan)

Classical culture in Southern Mexico and Central America; contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendar system, mathematical system

Inca

The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1532, conquered by Pizarro.

mit’a system

economic system in Inca society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced; men and women were expected to contribute this labor to the state yearly

Great Zimbabwe

A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E.

Kin-based

people living in small self governing cheifdoms in which many people are related (type of governing in sub- Saharan Africa between 600 and 1200)