ARCH 211 - Quiz 3

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Description and Tags

Terms/Buildings Mentioned by Kallas (So Far)

19 Terms

1
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<p>Mandala</p>

Mandala

SACRED DIAGRAM OF THE COSMOS


Square = “Vastu Mandala”

Used as a diagram in architecture, primarily square in plans with a focus towards the center

Center= Womb

<p>SACRED DIAGRAM OF THE COSMOS</p><p></p><p>Square = “Vastu Mandala”</p><p>Used as a diagram in architecture, primarily square in plans with a focus towards the center</p><p>Center= Womb</p>
2
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<p>Geomancy</p>

Geomancy

Placement of buildings or the arrangement of an urban space based on auspicious/cosmic beliefs


i.e.: Feng Shui in China (the movement of qi or energy from the mountains to water, cities planned off of a good flow of qi)

<p>Placement of buildings or the arrangement of an urban space based on auspicious/cosmic beliefs</p><p></p><p>i.e.: Feng Shui in China (the movement of qi or energy from the mountains to water, cities planned off of a good flow of qi)</p>
3
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Pagoda

Tower/tiered structure that is a feature of a Buddhist monastery/temple complex - primarily in China and Japan


Often from a wooden construction tradition featuring U-shaped brackets or “corbel” brackets

Typically adorned with ceramic roof tiles attached to sloped eaves

<p>Tower/tiered structure that is a feature of a Buddhist monastery/temple complex - primarily in China and Japan</p><p></p><p>Often from a wooden construction tradition featuring U-shaped brackets or “corbel” brackets</p><p>Typically adorned with ceramic roof tiles attached to sloped eaves</p>
4
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Stupa

A solid, Buddhist “mound”


Usually holds relics/symbols of revered Buddhist individuals (i.e. Historical Buddha)


Surroundings are sometimes used as spaces for meditation

<p>A solid, Buddhist “mound” </p><p></p><p>Usually holds relics/symbols of revered Buddhist individuals (i.e. Historical Buddha)</p><p></p><p>Surroundings are sometimes used as spaces for meditation</p>
5
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Rustication

Stone/masonry construction that appears to be rough/unfinished

<p>Stone/masonry construction that appears to be rough/unfinished</p>
6
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Kandariya Temple

Khajuraho, India


Hindu Temple

square mandala → amalaka

Has an inter sanctum

Womb themed + phallic statue

Explicit sexual imagery on exterior, relief sculptures

<p>Kandariya Temple </p><p>Khajuraho, India</p><p></p><p>Hindu Temple</p><p>square mandala → amalaka</p><p>Has an inter sanctum</p><p>Womb themed + phallic statue</p><p>Explicit sexual imagery on exterior, relief sculptures</p>
7
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Hindu Temple Complex

Angkor Wat, Cambodia


square mandala plan

used to be a Hindu monument now a Buddhist monastery

modeled after a mountain (albeit abstractly)

dedicated to Vishnu - phallic representation

<p>Hindu Temple Complex </p><p>Angkor Wat, Cambodia</p><p></p><p>square mandala plan</p><p>used to be a Hindu monument now a Buddhist monastery</p><p>modeled after a mountain (albeit abstractly)</p><p>dedicated to Vishnu - phallic representation</p>
8
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Great Stupa

Sanchi, India



<p>Great Stupa</p><p>Sanchi, India</p><p></p><p></p>
9
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Buddhist Temple

Borobudur, Java (Island in Indonesia)


stupa on top + smaller stupas to represent Boddhistavas/spiritual leaders

galleries w/ sculptures

encourages public entry and ambulatory meditation

<p>Buddhist Temple</p><p>Borobudur, Java (Island in Indonesia)</p><p></p><p>stupa on top + smaller stupas to represent Boddhistavas/spiritual leaders</p><p>galleries w/ sculptures</p><p>encourages public entry and ambulatory meditation</p>
10
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Ise Shrine

Mie Prefecture, Japan


temple for the sun deity, only for priests

rebuilt every 20 years - symbolizes renewal

wooden structure directly in dirt “embraces rot”

roof finials

<p>Ise Shrine</p><p>Mie Prefecture, Japan</p><p></p><p>temple for the sun deity, only for priests</p><p>rebuilt every 20 years - symbolizes renewal</p><p>wooden structure directly in dirt “embraces rot”</p><p>roof finials</p>
11
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Dry Garden at Ryoan-ji
Kyoto, Japan


“Ji” = “Monastery”

formal/composed dry garden

raking of gravel = ritual meditation

surrounded by wall and trees that come over said wall slightly

<p>Dry Garden at Ryoan-ji<br>Kyoto, Japan</p><p></p><p>“Ji” = “Monastery”</p><p>formal/composed dry garden</p><p>raking of gravel = ritual meditation</p><p>surrounded by wall and trees that come over said wall slightly</p>
12
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Taian Teahouse

Kyoto, Japan


used during times of Shogun warfare

two people enter to discuss, unarmed and usually through short doors/crawling

MATCHA

alcove with art displays/flowers to discuss

<p>Taian Teahouse</p><p>Kyoto, Japan</p><p></p><p>used during times of Shogun warfare</p><p>two people enter to discuss, unarmed and usually through short doors/crawling</p><p>MATCHA</p><p>alcove with art displays/flowers to discuss</p>
13
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Fogong Pagoda

Yingxian, China


extremely tall, eight-sided, wooden pagoda

statue of Buddha in center

finial at top

wooden brackets, ceramic tiles, sloping deep roof eaves

<p>Fogong Pagoda</p><p>Yingxian, China</p><p></p><p>extremely tall, eight-sided, wooden pagoda</p><p>statue of Buddha in center</p><p>finial at top</p><p>wooden brackets, ceramic tiles, sloping deep roof eaves</p>
14
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Dule Monastery Buddhist Hall

Jixian, China


one of the oldest wooden structures surviving today (11th century)

double height to host a HUGE statue of Buddha

monastic meditation hall

corbel brackets, all pieces friction fit joinery with no nails

<p>Dule Monastery Buddhist Hall</p><p>Jixian, China</p><p></p><p>one of the oldest wooden structures surviving today (11th century)</p><p>double height to host a HUGE statue of Buddha</p><p>monastic meditation hall</p><p>corbel brackets, all pieces friction fit joinery with no nails</p>
15
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Forbidden City

Bejing, China


palace complex/imperial architecture

Ming dynasty

axis based, with most important halls on central axis (coronations/festivals)

central axis/emperor’s axis with a clear hierarchy

wooden structure with visible brackets

Feng Shui/movement of qi (North Mountains to South river)

<p>Forbidden City</p><p>Bejing, China</p><p></p><p>palace complex/imperial architecture</p><p>Ming dynasty</p><p>axis based, with most important halls on central axis (coronations/festivals)</p><p>central axis/emperor’s axis with a clear hierarchy</p><p>wooden structure with visible brackets</p><p>Feng Shui/movement of qi (North Mountains to South river)</p>
16
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<p>Title, Location, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Significance

Garden of the Humble Administrator

Suzhou, China


retirement community - post working for the government

everyone had their own plots to maintain (but not residential)

Daoist/rejection of the empire

Qi meanders/non axial

art/literature focused

<p>Garden of the Humble Administrator</p><p>Suzhou, China</p><p></p><p>retirement community - post working for the government</p><p>everyone had their own plots to maintain (but not residential)</p><p>Daoist/rejection of the empire</p><p>Qi meanders/non axial</p><p>art/literature focused</p>
17
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<p>Title, Location, Architect, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Architect, Significance

Dome of the Florence Cathedral

Florence, Italy

Filippo Brunelleschi (just the dome)


egg-shaped!

unfinished for 100+ years

gothic, wooden construction (aided by levers to make cheaper)

aims to unify the city

<p>Dome of the Florence Cathedral</p><p>Florence, Italy</p><p>Filippo Brunelleschi (just the dome)</p><p></p><p>egg-shaped!</p><p>unfinished for 100+ years</p><p>gothic, wooden construction (aided by levers to make cheaper)</p><p>aims to unify the city</p>
18
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<p>Title, Location, Architect, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Architect, Significance

Tempio Malatestiano

Rimini, Italy

Leon Battista Alberti


UNFINISHED (so there is no whole, just parts)

outer shell surrounding preexisting inner shell

gothic windows but ancient columns

Alberti was obsessed with antiquity, wrote in Latin


Alberti wrote first treatise on architecture since Vitruvius, on beauty - read for class

<p>Tempio Malatestiano</p><p>Rimini, Italy</p><p>Leon Battista Alberti</p><p></p><p>UNFINISHED (so there is no whole, just parts)</p><p>outer shell surrounding preexisting inner shell</p><p>gothic windows but ancient columns</p><p>Alberti was obsessed with antiquity, wrote in Latin</p><p></p><p>Alberti wrote first treatise on architecture since Vitruvius, on beauty - read for class</p>
19
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<p>Title, Location, Architect, Significance</p>

Title, Location, Architect, Significance

Palazzo Rucellai

Florence, Italy

Leon Battista Alberti


regulates/rationalizes the surrounding buildings

near a trapezoidal piazza

pilasters stack columnar orders

<p>Palazzo Rucellai</p><p>Florence, Italy</p><p>Leon Battista Alberti</p><p></p><p>regulates/rationalizes the surrounding buildings</p><p>near a trapezoidal piazza</p><p>pilasters stack columnar orders</p>