Period 5 APUSH

Manifest destiny

Beleif that Westward American expansion was inevitable

Westward Growth

-Led by Souther White farmers

-Gov sells cheap western land

Henry Clay

-Gives out loans

-urge ppl to build canals, railroads, etc

-unites US

Southern White Farmers

-Population greatly increases

-Immigrant+ Native born American pop. increase

-Southerners want to move westward in order to gain land and expand slavery

Short Staple Cotton

-Adapted to give to a larger ecnonomic market+Industry

-requires more land

-Drives westward expansion

Monroe Doctrine

(1823)

President James monroe warns european powers to not interfere with Western Hemisphere disputes

Rush Bagot Treaty

creates fine line between Canada and US (britain still inhabiting canada at this time)

Adams Onis treaty

Give US florida from Spain, creates clear line of where spain controls mexico 

Mexico

-mexico gains independance from Spain

-White settlers settle in mexico and bring slavery with them

-Mexic bans slavery and Southerners claim mexico gov is tyrannical for doing so

-Leads to texas Revolution

Election of 1844

-James Polk runs for president and wins

-Polk advocates for westward expansion and the Annexation of texas

-Polk annexes texas and causes disputes over US, Mexico, and texas boundary

Mexican American War

-between US and mexico over US, Mex, And Texas borders

US wins

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed an American law to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War in 1846 to preserve it for poor Whites, but it was never passed

-creates divides

Lincoln v.s. Thoreau

-both against the Mex American War 

-Lincold opposed to Polk, does not like expansion of executive power, believes its not presidents job to take land 

-Thoreau concerned over societal and culture issues 

-Thoreau believes its wrong to mexicans bc its white supremacy in racism

-Lincold concerned abt constitutional powers,

-Throeau writes civil disobedience in responce

Free Soiler Party

Against Slavery, because they felt it would take jobs away from White People

Northern Abolitionists

Many held “out of sight out of mind” ideas about the abolition of slavery

Compromise of 1850

-Made to adress remaining issues from Mexica Seccion

California added as a free state, new fugitive slave law, slave trade banned in Washington D.C.

Fugitive Slave Law

Part of the Compromise of 1850, fugitive slaves who escaped into non-slave states would no longer receive a trial by jury before being forced back into bondage-slaves escaping from South to North 

-Increased tensions between N and S

James K. Polk

D) 1845 – 1849. Known for his territorial expansion of the nation chiefly through the Mexican-American War

Popular sovereignty

Authority of a state (to prohibit or spread slavery)  is created and by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People

Reconstruction Act

Laid out the process for readmitting Southern states into the Union, divided the south into 5 military districts patrolled by soldiers

Dred Scott v.s. Danford

Supreme Court decision declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts; allowed slavery in all states

Souther Chivalry

Southern culture that developed from the new southern elite, high value on honor, exemplified in the caning of Charles Sumner

Uncle Toms Cabin

1852. Extremely popular novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, exposed the cruelties of slavery to a national audience and fueled anti-slavery sentiment

Know Nothings Party

Anti-immigrant nativist party that developed in reaction to the influx of immigration throughout the major cities of the north and west

Southern Democrats

Quickly became the dominant political party in the south  comprised whites who believed in Jeffersonian democracy (states’ rights) and instated racist laws

Radical Republicans

A faction of American politicians within the Republican Party who advocated for rights for newly freed African Americans (established the Freedmen’s Bureau)

Black Codes

Laws passed by Southern Democrats in southern states that attempted to restrict the rights of newly freed African Americans

Cause of Kansas Nebraska Act

-Steven Douglas pushes for adding mexico as a state or creating new US states

Kansas Nebraska Act

Kansas And Nebraska can both vote on whether they want slavery in their states

Cause of Kansas Nebraska Act

-Missouri (pro slave) ppl invade Kansas to overthrow voting in favor of slavery

-Bleeding Kansas: Mini civil war between Pro slave Missouri ands Anti slave Kansas