physical science newtonns

What is a force?

A push or pull that acts on an object.

What can a force cause an object to do?

It can cause a resting object to move or accelerate a moving object by changing its speed or direction.

What is net force?

The overall force acting on an object after all forces are combined.

What are balanced forces?

Forces acting on an object that are equal in size and opposite in direction.

What happens when forces are unbalanced?

An unbalanced force on an object causes motion.

What is the SI unit of force?

Newton (N), where 1 N = 1 kg·m/s².

What is friction?

A force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move past each other.

What are the four main types of friction?

Static friction, sliding friction, rolling friction, and fluid friction.

What is static friction?

The friction force that acts on objects that are not moving.

What is sliding friction?

A force that opposes the direction of motion of an object as it slides over a surface.

What is rolling friction?

The friction force that acts on rolling objects, significantly less than static or sliding friction.

What is fluid friction?

Friction that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid (liquid or gas).

What is air resistance?

Fluid friction acting on an object moving through the air.

What is terminal velocity?

The constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity.

What is projectile motion?

The motion of a falling object after it is given an initial forward velocity.

What does Newton's 1st Law of Motion state?

An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

What is inertia?

The tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion.

What does Newton's 2nd Law of Motion describe?

The acceleration of an object is equal to the net force acting on it divided by the object's mass.

What is the relationship between mass, force, and acceleration?

Acceleration = Net Force / Mass.

How does gravity act on falling objects?

Gravity causes objects to accelerate downward.

What effect does air resistance have on falling objects?

It acts in the direction opposite to gravity and reduces acceleration.

What happens to the forces acting on a falling object as its speed increases?

Air resistance increases with speed until it equals the force of gravity, resulting in terminal velocity.

What is the significance of the curved path in projectile motion?

It is caused by the combination of initial forward velocity and the downward force of gravity.

What is the formula for calculating force?

Force = Mass × Acceleration.

What is the effect of an open parachute on a paratrooper?

It increases air resistance by increasing the surface area of the trooper.

What is the role of friction in motion?

Friction helps or opposes the motion of objects that are touching.

What is the relationship between speed and fluid friction?

As speed increases, fluid friction also increases.

What is the effect of surface area on fluid friction?

As surface area increases, fluid friction increases.

What is the effect of gravity on objects with different masses?

All objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass in the absence of air resistance.

What is a frequency generator?

A device that can resonate at an exact frequency.

Define mass in physics.

Mass is the amount of matter an object contains.

How does acceleration relate to net force?

Acceleration of an object is always in the same direction as the net force.

What happens when a net force acts opposite to an object's motion?

It produces a deceleration.

How does mass affect acceleration?

Acceleration depends directly on force and inversely on mass.

If a net force of 4000 N acts on a 1000 kg car, what is its acceleration?

Acceleration = Force/Mass = 4000 N / 1000 kg = 4 m/s².

What is the acceleration of a 40.0 kg cart pushed with a net force of 60.0 N?

Acceleration = Force/Mass = 60.0 N / 40.0 kg = 1.5 m/s².

Calculate the upward acceleration of a 5000 kg helicopter with a force of 10,000 N.

Acceleration = Force/Mass = 10,000 N / 5000 kg = 2 m/s².

What is the net force acting on a 1200 kg automobile accelerating at 3.0 m/s²?

Net Force = Mass x Acceleration = 1200 kg x 3.0 m/s² = 3600 N.

According to Newton's second law, what does acceleration depend on?

Acceleration depends on the mass of the object and the net force acting on it.

What is the relationship between mass and weight on the moon?

Mass remains constant, but weight decreases due to lower gravity.

What is the formula for weight?

Weight (w) = mass (m) x acceleration due to gravity (g).

What is momentum?

Momentum is the product of an object's mass and its velocity (p = m x v).

What happens to momentum in a closed system?

The total momentum of the system does not change; momentum is conserved.

What is the unit for momentum?

The unit for momentum is kg·m/s.

How do you calculate momentum?

Momentum = mass x velocity.

What is the gravitational force?

An attractive force that acts between any two masses.

What is the strongest nuclear force?

The strong nuclear force holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.

What is the weak nuclear force?

A force that is similar but weaker than the strong nuclear force, causing radioactive decay.

What is the relationship between distance and gravitational force?

Gravitational force is stronger when objects have more mass and are closer together.

What is the effect of electric forces?

Electric forces act between charged objects, where opposite charges attract and like charges repel.

What is the significance of action and reaction forces?

Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

How does momentum change in collisions?

In collisions, the loss of momentum of one object equals the gain in momentum of another object.

What is the formula for calculating net force?

Net Force = mass x acceleration.

What is the acceleration due to gravity on the moon?

The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is about one sixth that on Earth.

What is the effect of mass on momentum?

An object with greater mass will have greater momentum if moving at the same velocity as a lighter object.