Anti-infective Dermatologic, And Cancer pharm

I swear this class sucks, please LMK if there are any cards that are wrong, confusing or have spelling mistakes

Oprelvekin (Neumega)

Colony stimulating factor; stimulates thrombocyte (platelet) production

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

Colony-stimulating factor: stimulates granulocytes (neutrophils), assists in recovery from neutropenia, can cause splenomegaly.

Erythropoietin, Epoetin

Colony-stimulating factor; Stimulates red blood cell production. Black box warning: Hemoglobin should not exceed 12g/dL. Increased risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and thromboembolism

Tamoxifen

Estrogen receptor modulator; competitively binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other tissue targets to decrease DNA synthesis and inhibits estrogen effects, used to treat or prevent breast cancer, increased uterine cancer risk.

Dexamethasone

Corticosteroid: Suppresses inflammatory process associated with tumor growth, may cause latrogenic Cushing's Syndrome

Doxorubicin

Anti-tumor & Anti-Biotics; interfere with DNA replication and RNA transcription in cancer cells; used in lung, GI, breast, ovarian cancers, hematogenous tumors, sarcomas, leukemias, and lymphomas. Cardiotoxic (red devil)

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Alkylating agent; cell-cycle non-specific agents; most effective in the G0 phase; damages the cell's DNA; a severe vesicant. Pt must be well hydrated to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis (hematuria, dysuria)

Vincristine (Oncovin)

Plant Alkaloids; block cell division at the M phase of the cell cycle, cell cycle specific. Can cause neurotoxicity = nubness/tingling of finger/tos along with causing seizures; cell-cycle specific

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)

Antimetabolite; will impair normal functioning of rapidly dividing cells, such as hair follicles, endothelium, GI tract cells, bone marrow, causes apoptosis to fetal cells, used to treat malignant and nonmalignant conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, leukemias, cancers of GI tract, head, neck, breast, ovaries. Highly hepatotoxic.

Isoniazid (INH)

Antitubercular; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, can cause peripheral neuropathy (often prescribed with pyridoxine vitamin B6))

Ciprofloxacin

Fluoroquinolone: interferes with the enzyme DNA gyrase needed to synthesize bacterial DNA. Potent; should not be considered a first-line treatment for mild infection. Can cause crystalluria, deep tendon rupture, and suicidal ideation

Acyclovir

Antiviral: first choice for most infections caused by herpes viruses and the varicella-zoster virus. Encourage adequate fluid intake to decrease the risk of nephrotoxicity.

Amphotericin B

Polyene; bind to fungal cell membranes, causing cell permeability and leakage of cellular content, and are used for severe/systemic fungal infections. Pre-treat with Acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, and hydrocortisone 30-60 min to reduce side effects.

Clindamycin (Cleocin)

Lincosamides: Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, similar to macrolides, topical formulation available for acne.

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Cephalosporins inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis, making them bactericidal. Can cause superinfection and anaphylaxis, are nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Gentamicin Sulfate

Aminoglycoside; inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, narrow spectrum antibiotic, bactericidal. More potent than many other antibiotics, used for serious infections like meningitis

Amoxicillin

Antibacterial agent: Weakens the bacterial cell wall, can either be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the dosage any type, higher risk of serious side effects

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate

Antibacterial agent; combination of a antibacterial agent with a beta lactamase enzyme inhibitory to make the antibiotic more effective and extend its effects.

Fluconazole

Azole: increases permeability of fungal cell membrane.

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Glycopeptides: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, treatment of choice against MRSA (Given IV), Treatment of choice for Colostrum difficile associated diarrhea (Given PO). Can casue “Red man” sydrome (VFS)

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

Macrolides: Inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, bacteriostatic at low-moderate doses, bactericidal at high doses or in highly susceptible organisms, broad spectrum (high rate of superinfection). Long half-life, one dose every 4- 5 days

Nystatin

Polyenes; binds to sterols, causing loss of intracellular potassium. PO mouthwash that needs to be spit out (wait 15 min before ingesting ANYTHING else) or topical cream or powder that should not be covered with dressings

Pyridoxine

Vitamin b6, often taken with Isoniazid to prevent peripheral neruopathy

Doxycycline

Tetracyclines: inhibit bacterial protein synthesis; broad-spectrum coverage. PTE should wear sunscreen and cover skin. Do not give to children under 8. Systemic agent that is the drug of choice to treat severe Acne, avoided in pregnant patients leads to teratogenic effects on the fetus and staining of developing teeth. Take 2 hours before or after consuming calcium

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim

Sulfonamide; inhibits bacterial synthesis fo folid acid (essential for bacterial growth), Bacteriostatic.

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

s ; Disrupts the DNA and protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria and protozoa, prophylaxis for colorectal surgery, effectig against anerobic organis and H. Pylori

Nitrofurantoin

Anti-infective; effective in reducing bacterial growth in renal tubule and bladder, bactericidal or bacteriostatic for UTIs

Oseltamivir Phosphate

Antiviral; decreases the release of the influenza virus from infected cells, slows the progression, and limit the severity of flu symptoms. Must be taken within 48 hours of flu onset

Penicillin

Antibacterial agent: Weakens the bacterial cell wall, can either be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the dosage any type

Isotretinoin

Systemic Antiacne Agent; Decreases sebum formation and secretion and has anti-inflammatory and anti-keratinizing effects for treatment of severe acne that has been unresponsive to conventional therapy. Teratogenic

Benzoyl Peroxide

Topical Anti-Acne Agent, releases free radical oxygen species that will oxidize bacterial proteins and kill the bacteria, used in the treatment of mild acne, resolution of acne can take 4-6 weeks, had a “keratolytic” effec.

Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)

Burn Treatment; Active against both gram-positive and - negative organisms and yeast, used to Prevent and treat infections in second/third degree burns