sociology chapter 8

ethnicity

cultural characteristics

Ex: language, religion, traditions, food

objective ethnicity

subjective ethnicity

intersection with race

cultural defintion

race

-used to classify humankind based on physical traits

-intertwined with power and inequality in the process of racialization

racial identification

physical traits, skin colour, hair type, facial dimensions.

Canada uses ethnicity instead of race

race as a biological category

physical anthropology

-race vs ancestry

-social influxes still often ignored

Robert Terry anatomical collection

-national museum of natural history, Washington DC

-black and white races

-used for forensic identification methods deveoplement

visible minorities and radicalized groups

• Visible minorities = describes who people are seen as.

• Racialized groups = highlights how society treats people because of race.

immigration and reffugee protection

Objectives:

– reunite families

– contribute to the nation’s economic development

– protect refugees

• Types of newcomers:

– family class immigrants

– economic immigrants

– refugees

consequences of ethnicity

diverse family experiences-

diverse economic experiences

family experiences

family structure

family interdependence

-household work

-age of home leaving

economic experiences

if you are born a female you know you will make less money. if you are born indigenous person you get lower income

education level of the immigrant population

-recent immigrants are highly educated

60% of men and 51% of women entered Canada with a university degree

-immigrant population is more educated than the Canadian born population

disadvantage for immigrant persons?

language in English or French

cultural differences

real or perceived differences in educational systems

discrimination

assimilation

voluntary assimilation through immigration.

-segmented versus linear assimilation

involuntary assimilation through colonization

dominant group vs minority group

most powerful group

not as much power

assimilation through colonization

• Late 1700s: Forced Indigenous peoples to adopt European culture.

• 1857 – Gradual Civilization Act: Encouraged assimilation.

• 1876 – Indian Act: Government controlled Indigenous peoples’ lives.

• Residential schools: Took Indigenous children from families to erase their culture.

pluralism

cultural differences are celebrated and maintained

Ex: Switzerland

canada→multiculturalism

-as a principle, is supported by most Canadians

-as policy→multiculturalism act

segregation

operates minority groups from the dominant group

-ex:slavery, segregation for black Canadians prior to the Civil rights movement

Ex: anti miscegenation laws

anti miscegenation laws *

Laws that banned marriage or relationships between people of different races.

population transfer

expels a minority group from a country or limits its location

-acadians

-aboriginal reserve system

-First World War:ukrainian canadians

-Second World War:japanase

what is prejudice

an attitude

prejudice and racilaization

cognitive component→ what we think

-sterotypes affect perceptions and memory

affective component→ how we feel

-thoughts are accompanied by strong emotions

behavioural component→ how we act

-prejudice put into action=discrimination