ETC (13)
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25 Terms
What is the delta G of the entire ETC?
-220kJ/mol
How do the electrons flow in the ETC?
From low to high reduction potential (weak to strong hold on electrons)
Where does C1 get its electrons from?
NADH
Along what structures do those electrons move down?
FMN→FES→CoQ
How many protons are pumped from 1 NADH?
4 H+
How is proton translocation achieved?
By being coupled with CoQ reduction, the hydrophobic arm undergoes conformational changes which allows the protons to cross the membrane down a proton wire
What is a proton wire?
When the alignment of water molecules allows protons to move down the hydrogen bonds (or AA residues in proteins)
From which molecule does C2 get its electrons from?
FADH2
What is special about C2?
It does NOT pump protons
From which molecule does C3 get its electrons from?
CoQH2
How is the structure of CoQH2 a problem for C3?
Cytochrome c, the reduced molecule in C3, can only accept 1 electron
How does the Q-cycle solve that problem? (5)
QH2 is fully oxidized to Q
One Q is partly reduced to QH*
One cyt c is reduced
Repeat step 1
QH* gets a second electron and 2 H+
What is QH2 called?
Ubiquinol
What is QH* called?
Semi-quinone
What is Q called?
Ubiquinone
How many protons does C3 pump?
4 H+
What mark does C4 make?
The end of the ETC
Where does C4 get its electrons from?
From 2 cyt c
How many protons are produced from C4?
2 H+ (and 1 H2O)
What is C5 also known as?
ATP synthase
ATP synthesis being an endergonic process, how does C5 get its energy?
From the proton motor force or the pressure on the membrane from the proton gradient between the matrix and the inner membrane
What are the 3 conformation adopted by the F1 component?
Open: empty site
Loose: ADP+Pi bind
Tight: where ATP is formed
How do those conformational changes happen?
Gamma subunit rotates
How does the Fo component rotate?
From the entering of H+ in the c subunit
Knowing that there are 3 catalytic sites on F1, how would you calculate the amount of H+ translocated to produce 1 ATP from the number of c subunits?
H+ amount = # of c subunits/3