Color Science

Science

A system of knowledge which covers multiple truths, obtained through a system of study

Technologyt

A practical application of scientific knowledge, especially in a particular area.

Knowledge, invention, science

Science indicates experimentation and new _____ being obtained, while technology signifies the _____ of something with the implication of ____ in its existence.

C

What is the symbol for the speed of light?

Lambda

What is the symbol for a wavelength of light?

Nanometers

What are the units for visible light wavelengths?

Fizeau

Who used a toothed wheel to accurately determine the speed of light?

James Clarke Maxwell

Which scientist predicted the existence of electromagnetic radiation with a speed the same as that of light?

Albert Einstein

Which scientist got the Nobel Prize for explaining the photoelectric effect?

300,000

How fast does light travel? (km/s)

7

How many types of light exist within our world?

343

How fast does sound move? (m/s)

photons

What name is given to particles of light?

Warmer colors

Which types of light have low energy?

Cooler colors

Which types of light have high energy?

Cooler colors

Which colors have lower wavelengths?

Warm colors

Which types of colors have higher frequencies? (warm/cool)

630-670

What is the appropriate wavelength (nm) of light that most people see as red?

Red

Which visible color has a longer wavelength? (violet, blue, green, yellow, orange or red?)

Violet

Which visible color has a higher frequency? (violet, blue, green, yellow, orange or red?)

Violet

Which visible color has a higher energy per photon? (violet, blue, green, yellow, orange or red?)

Ultraviolet light

What kind of electromagnetic radiation is indicated with a wavelength of 7X10^-7 to 1x10^-3 meters?

False

True/false: as wavelength decreases, frequency decreases

continuous

A light source where all wavelengths of light are present, which is why incandescent bulbs emit a broad, warm white light.

Line spectrum

A light source produced by gases/ other sources where only specific wavelengths are emitted (e.g., neon signs).

Cool spectrum

A light source that is not a standard term for describing light sources, but it might refer to light with a bluish or high-color-temperature appearance (like LED bulbs)

continuous

An incandescent light source produces a color spectrum that is...

6500 k

What temperature is represented by the Light source D65? (include units)

decreases

As an object gets hotter, the energy it radiates increases and the Peak Wavelength of this radiation? (check one)

Increases/ decreases

continuous

An incandescent light source produces a color spectrum that is... (check one).

Line, cool, continuous

Nucleus

Most of the weight of an atom is from the... (check one]

Electron, Nucleus, Neutrons

Ionic

What type of chemical bonding involves electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (common bonding for inorganic salts like Naci)

Covalent

What type of chemical bonding involves the sharing of electrons (common bonding for organic greenhouse gases like CH4, CO2).

Efficacy

_____ is the capacity for producing a beneficial result or effect

Light efficacy

_____ is defined as the Ratio of luminous flux emitted to the power consumed, measured in lumens per watt (lm/W)

slash carbon emissions and improve bulb luminous efficiency

The US DOE has raised energy efficiency standards for light bulbs and banned the making and selling of most standard incandescent bulbs. Why?

Incandescent

Is a halogen lamp incandescent or fluorescent

Incandescent

Is a sodium lamp incandescent or fluorescent

Incandescent

Is the sun incandescent or fluorescent

Fluorescent

Is a mercury lamp incandescent or fluorescent

Color rendering index and correlated color temperature

Light quality can be measured by an energy/wavelength diagram known as a Spectral Power Distribution. Name the two other ways in which light quality can be described?

Converter

LEDs are Light Emitting Diodes. A Diode is a -- (check one).

Covere

Insulator

Convertor

OLEDs

____ contain thin flexible sheets of organic electroluminescent materials that emit light under electric current

True

True/False: OLEDs provide good black dots and brighter whites.

False

True/False: OLEDs provide poor display contrast and a small viewing angle.

False

True/False: OLEDs cannot be made lightweight and flexible for roll up displays.

low, high

LED lighting has ____ heat emission and _____-energy efficiency

LED

____ lights provide brighter car lights and are used in signage/displays

Fluorescent

Which Light source has a Higher (better) Light efficacy? (check one).

Sodium Lamp, Mercury Lamp, Fluorescent Light

CIE

Two examples of ___ Illuminants are D50 (horizon light) and F2 (white fluorescent).

A diffuse reaction

Shiny, mirror-like reflection is specular reflection.Reflection in many different directions is......

Pigments

Materials [like dyes] that are self- colored are...

dyes

 Materials (like dyed textiles) that are colored by an impurity are....

blue

As a dye is altered to absorb longer and longer wavelengths, what is the next color in sequence... Orange, Red, Violet ...?

Black

Black/white absorbs all color?

blue and red

What two kinds [colors) of light does chlorophyll absorb?

energy gaps

With Organic Chemical Color, to develop Color we need to find molecules that have small _____ ___

Carotenoids

What group of natural coloring materials consists of a long-conjugated chain?

Porphyrins

What is the name of the chemical family that includes chlorophyll and heme (in blood)?

Ruby

With Inorganic Chemical Color, if you replace 1% of the Aluminum in Aluminum Oxide Material with Chromium you will get a ______ (gem)

Sapphire

With Inorganic Chemical Color, if you replace 0.1% of the Aluminum in Aluminum Oxide Material with Iron (Fe] and 0.1% of the Aluminum in Aluminum Oxide Material with Titanium, (Ti) you will get a ____ (gem)

Bioluminescence

The emission of light by living things is called.....

Interference

What Physical Cause of Color is responsible for iridescent clouds?

Scattering

What Physical Cause of Color is responsible for a red sunset?

Interference

What Physical Cause of Color is responsible for the colors of a soap bubble?

Dispersion

What Physical Cause of Color is responsible for sun dogs?

Scattering

What Physical Cause of Color is responsible for blue skies?

Chrome

What is the name of synthetic, inorganic yellow pigments?

1.6 , 0.5-2

What is the spacing between lines of information pits (1) on a CD and (2) in a typical diffraction grading. Give answers in microns. 1 micron is 1x10* meters.

2-5

How many layers are in an interference pigment?

Cornea

What is the first part of the eye through which light passes?

Retina

What is the name of the “screen” in the eye that contains light sensitive cells and nerve connections?

560

At which wavelength are “Long” wavelength Cones most sensitive?

green

What Color is a wavelength of 560 nm?

120 million

How many Rods are in [one] human eye?

6-7 million

How many Cones are in [one] human eye?

Scotopic

Seeing under Nighttime Light levels uses what type of vision?

Photopic

Seeing under Daylight light levels uses what type of vision?

Trichromatic theory

The Theory that there are three types of Cones that allow us to see Color is called the….

poor

Nighttime visual acuity is…. (excellent, poor, or the same as)…. your daytime visual acuity.

Blue

If you see the US flag and the red and blue are equally bright during the day, which color will still appear bright as night falls? 

Purkinje effect

______ describes how the human eye’s sensitivity to colors changes depending on the level of light.

Bipolar cells

Name one type of nerve cell that interprets signals sent from rods and cones before they go to the brain?   

Protein opsin

What “retwists” retinal at normal light levels? 

red, yellow, green and blue

What are the 4 Psychological Primaries

green

according to the three opponencies of color theory, red is vs _____

yellow

according to the three opponencies of color theory, blue is vs _____

white

according to the three opponencies of color theory, black is vs _____

Monochromatic

Someone whose eyes contain only one cone type is……

Protanopia

What CVD condition is characterized by an absence of red sensitive Cones?

Deuteranopia

What CVD condition is characterized by an absence of green sensitive Cones?

X

CVD is linked to a genetic deficiency in the ? Chromosome?

red-green color confusion

Almost all “color blindness” involves _______

True

True or False? Dogs are not color blind. They are dichromats

dichromat

A _____ is when one cone type is missing from the eye

True

True/false: the Ishihara color test is a CVD testing method.