Rebbelith chart found by Edward Henry meggs davis

The people of oceania world is dominated by what?

The Pacific Ocean

What are the regions the Pacific Ocean is divided into.

Polynesia

Micronesia

Melanesia

What cultural purpose does ocean art contribute?

Social relations

Religious/ceremonial functions

Oceanian's art endowes objects of daily use with what two things

Utility and beauty

What about the western perception of art makes it not an effective way to think about in terms of the Pacific world

Art is thought of as something set aside for aesthetic contemplation

What is not an effective way to think about items in the pacific world?

As something set aside for aesthetic contemplation

Nicholas Thomas wrote about how

Art was usually not looked at with a detached contemplation like that of the western viewer

What did Nicholas Thomas say characterized the western viewers observation of art

Detached contemplation

What art historian give insight into the detached contemplation of western viewers

Nicholas Thomas

Occupation of Nicholas Thomas

Art historian

Pacific art suggest that______ was more important than_______

Effective action was more important than communication

Pacific art suggests what was very important

Effective action

What did Pacific art sometimes suggest was of lesser importance

Communication

The Rebbelib navigation chart and codes what

Mental map of a region

The Rebbelib navigation chart is a mental map, allowing a navigator to do what

Take effective action to steer his canoe to the safe port

What is a key concept of the Rebbelib navigation chart

Taking effective action

What is pleasing about the Rebbelib navigation chart

Arrangement of shapes visually

What is a downside to the Rebbelib navigation chart

It can't be effectively communicated to anyone outside of the family it was made by

What kind of way finding does the navigation chart represent?

Culturally and personally specific way finding

How is the Rebbelib navigation chart set apart from Western notions of navigation

It represents culturally and personally specific way finding

The Marshall Islands are located in

Micronesia

When was Micronesia settled?

1300 BCE

Micronesia migrants coming from what two places

Southeast Asia and Polynesia

Southeast Asia is in what direction of Micronesia

To the west

Polynesia is in what direction to Micronesia

To the east

What is the most dominant force in Marshalese life?

The ocean

Prehistoric settlers of the Marshall Islands brought with them

Domesticated plant and animal species

These prehistoric settlers were from

Southeast Asia

What kind of domesticated plant/animal species did they bring?

Breadfruit

Coconut

Poultry

Since when have oceanic cultures impacted global histories of colonial exploration

Since the 18th century

Since since the 18th century, oceanic civilizations have affected global histories of what

Colonial exploration

Early histories of contact for the martial Islands were marked by what

Conflict

What conflict did early histories of the Marshall Islands include?

Transportation of Marshall populations for slavery

Where were the slaves transported?

Hawaiian plantations

When were these slave, transportation being done?

Late 19th century

Starting, when were the Marshall Islands a part of the German empire

1885

After 1914, the Marshall Islands were under what influence

Japanese influence

When were the martial Islands under Japanese influence?

After 1914

In 1885 the Marshall Islands were a part of what empire

German empire

Political control pass to who during the early 20th century

The United States

Political control of these islands passed to the US after what event

World War II

World War II was a period marked by what two things

Military occupation and nuclear testing

When did the Marshall Islands gain independence?

1979

The independent martial Islands formed what organization

Republic of the martial Islands

Today, what is the population of the Marshall Islands?

42,000 people

Early contact with the Pacific world included collecting of goods by who

European travelers, traders and ethnographers

These European travelers collected goods from what three communities

Papan

Polynesia

Maori

What led to art targeted toward western consumers in the Pacific world?

The contact with European travelers

When did art become more targeted toward western consumers?

1770s

What natural landform is Micronesia most associated with?

Rock Islands

How does Micronesia compared to Melania and Polynesia?

It is less rich and natural resources

Because Micronesia has less natural resources how does this affect their artistic production?

It's mostly limited to utilitarian objects

What was the result of Micronesian art being mostly utilitarian?

It wasn't collected as much by Europeans

Why is Micronesian art not as well represented in western collections today?

It wasn't collected by Europeans and was utilitarian

What art of the martial Islands is in museums all over the world

Stick charts

Micronesia is made of how much land

1050 mi.²

Micronesia consists of how much ocean

2,900,000 mi.²

What percentage of the martial Islands territory is water?

98%

How many major islands were there for the Marshall Islands

Five

How many atolls we're largely traveled on the Marshall Islands

29

The watercraft fleet of the Marshall Islands arranged from how many vessels

25-30

What kind of watercraft did the Marshall people have?

Canoes

Where would the master navigators be in the fleet?

Pilot vessel

What was the pilot vessel?

Canoe that led the way of the other boats

Flotilla

a fleet of boats or small ships

What were the islands that make up the major clusters of the Marshall Islands?

Western Ralik and eastern Ratak

The ralik and ratak can be described as

Low lying landforms

Because they were low lying landforms, it made them

Difficult to spot from a distance

Because they were so hard to see there were almost no

Know where they landmarks for navigators to use to get there

Even today, master navigators often choose to not use

Technological instruments

Instead of technological instruments, master navigators rely on

The form and rhythm of ocean swells

Being a successful navigator was exclusively a

Mail task

What was most important to being a successful navigator?

An excellent memory

What three things did being a great navigator require

Leadership, decision-making, and a good memory

What were stick charts made of?

Cowrie shells and dried mid ribs of coconut fronds bound by natural fibers

What do Mattang charts not map?

Specific islands

The Mattang charts are used to teach navigators what

how well patterns radiate from islands

Dunung

Swell patterns, radiating from islands

What is the most basic teaching tool a young navigator can start with

Mattang charts

Mattang charts teach the elementary principles of how to

Field vibrations of dunung through the hall of the canoe, and use those to guide the boat toward an island

Dunung vibrations can help guide a boat toward what

An unforeseen island

Meddo charts represent

Small clusters of islands and their Dunung patterns

Meddo charts are used for what kind of navigation

Local navigation

Rebbilb charts of what other name

Rebbelith charts

What do rebbelith charts represent?

Large areas

Rebbelith charts often encompass

The entire martial archipelago

What are Rebbelith charts used to understand?

How swells intersect and how winds and currents guide travelers on long distances

What creates a stable framework for the rebel charts

Grid background

The bent sticks represent

Dunung and wind/water currents

What do small cells represent on rebel charts?

Specific islands

What is important to understand when noticing the location of the shells?

They are not their actual location in the archipelago

Rebbelibs are ______ Representations of a mariner's knowledge

Schematic representations

Micronesian navigators created these charts to support what two crucial activities

Fishing and traveling