APUSH period 3 Identification terms

Pontiac's Rebellion

A rebellion starting in 1763 by a loose confederation of Native Americans in the Great Lakes region against British rule.

Virtual Representation

The idea that members of Parliament represented all British subjects, not just those in their own district.

Proclamation of 1763

An act passed by Britain prohibiting colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains in response to Pontiac's Rebellion.

Iroquois Confederation

A league of Native American tribes that accepted The Great Law of Peace to work for mutual benefit.

Stamp Act Congress

A meeting of representatives from 9 colonies to organize opposition to the Stamp Act, resulting in the first written list of demands.

Boston Tea Party

A political protest on December 16, 1773, where colonists dumped tea into the harbor, protesting taxation without representation.

Boston Massacre

Event on March 5, 1770, where British soldiers killed five colonists during a confrontation.

Committees of Correspondence

Groups established by colonies to exchange information and coordinate resistance against the British.

Sons of Liberty

A group of American patriots who used activism to protest British rule and promote colonial unity.

Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

Essays by John Dickinson arguing that only colonists could levy taxes for revenue.

1st Continental Congress

A 1774 meeting of 12 colonies in Philadelphia to organize a response to the Coercive Acts.

2nd Continental Congress

Meeting of all 13 colonies in 1775 that acted as a functional government during the War of Independence.

Articles of Confederation

An agreement forming a weak federal government among the original 13 colonies, created during the Revolutionary War.

John Locke

An Enlightenment philosopher who argued for government as a social contract based on the protection of life, liberty, and property.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution meant to protect individual freedoms and placate concerns about federal power.

Adam Smith

Scottish economist known as the father of modern economics, advocating for free markets in his works.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Alexander Hamilton's proposals for establishing the financial stability of the new nation, including a national bank.

Proclamation of Neutrality

George Washington's 1793 declaration that the US would remain neutral in the war between France and Britain.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

The final battle of the Northwest Indian Wars in 1794, leading to the Treaty of Greenville.

Shays’ Rebellion

An uprising in 1786-1787 led by Daniel Shays against high taxes and economic injustices, highlighting weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws passed in 1798 limiting the rights of immigrants and criminalizing dissent against the government.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Responses by Madison and Jefferson asserting states' rights to nullify federal laws seen as unconstitutional.

Jay’s Treaty

A 1795 treaty aimed at resolving tensions with Britain, leading to British withdrawal from American territory.

Pinckney’s Treaty

A 1795 treaty that granted Americans navigation rights on the Mississippi River and access to New Orleans.

Land Ordinance 1785

Legislation that structured the division of the Northwest Territory into states and included provisions for public education.

Northwest Ordinance 1787

Legislation that established a government for the Northwest Territory and set guidelines for admitting new states, prohibiting slavery.

Republican Motherhood

The idea that women played a crucial role in educating future citizens and fostering virtues in the early republic.

Sugar Act (1764)

A British law aimed at raising revenue through taxation on molasses and tightening mercantile control.

Tea Act (1773)

A law granting a monopoly to the British East India Company to sell tea in the colonies, leading to colonial unrest.

Intolerable Acts (1774)

A series of punitive laws passed in response to the Boston Tea Party, designed to assert British control over the colonies.

Thomas Paine

An influential pamphleteer whose work 'Common Sense' advocated for American independence from Britain.

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

A revolt against an excise tax on whiskey, demonstrating the new federal government's ability to enforce tax laws.

Manumission Societies

Groups promoting the gradual end of slavery and advocating for the emancipation of enslaved individuals.