Toxicology pt. 1 (META)

dantrolene

antidote for malignant hyperthermia

flumazenil

antidote for benzodiazepines toxicity

n-acetylcysteine

antidote for paracetamol toxicity

atropine

antidote for organophosphate toxicity

glucagon

antidote for beta blocker toxicity

protamine sulfate

antidote for heparin toxicity

vit K or fresh frozen plasma

antidote for warfarin toxicity

BAL

antidote for lead toxicity

NSS

antidote for silver toxicity

deferoxamine

antidote for iron toxicity

naloxone

antidote for opiate toxicity

renal failure

most common SE of aliskiren

coma

respiratory depression

pinpoint pupuls

acute opiod overdose manifests:

auranofin

oral gold compoound

sodium nitrite

sodium thiosulfate

amyl nitrite

vit. B 12

drugs for cyanide poisoning

cyclophosphamide

drug that causes hemorrhagic cystitis

pulmonary

bleomycin causes this toxicity

cardiotoxicity

doxorubicin causes this tocixity

nephrotoxicity

cisplatin causes this toxicity

NAPQI

toxic metabolite of acute acetaminophen overdose

tolerance

decreased responsiveness due to continuous drug administration

tachyphylaxis

decreased responsiveness rapidly after administration of a drug

idiosyncratic

unusual response

hypersensitivity

allergic or immunologic responses to drugs

tachycardia

dry mucous membranes

urinary retention

mydriasis

HTN

major effects of anticholinergic

constipation

SE of aluminum hydroxide

flatulence

metabolic acidosis

SE of sodium bicarbonate

milk-alkali syndrome

SE of calcium carbonate

pyridoxine

this drug when taken concurrently with isoniazid, reverses with INH-induced seizures

gastric lavage

this method is contraindicated in px who have ingested acids, alkalis, or hydrocarbons and at risk for GI perforation

hypokalemia

in a patient receiving digoxin for CHF, conditions that may facilitate the appearance of toxicity.

anaphylaxis

refers to an acute hypersensitivity reaction that appears to be mediated primarily by immunoglobulin E

tachyphylaxis

tolerance that develops rapidly, often after a single injection of a drug

tolerance

refere to decreased sensitivity to a drug

postural hypotension

terazosin has a SE of:

phenytoin

this drug works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal membranes. with chronic use, it may cause gingival hyperplasia, coarsening of facial features, and hirsutism.

liver

organ that plays the paramount role of detoxification

orthostatic hypotension

tachycardia

throbbing headache

ADE of nitrates toxicity

bone marrow depression

chloramphenicol can cause

Neomycin

Amikacin

Kanamycin

ototoxic aminoglycoside

tetracyclines

dental staining is caused by

abdominal cramping

most common SE of erythromycin

erythromycin estolate

salt of erythromycin may cause cholestatic hepatitis, characterized by elevated liver function

psychosis

hypertension

cardiac arrythmias

seizures

perforated nasal septum

cocaine symptoms manifests a:

lysergic acid (LSD)

agent that manifests hallucinations, dilated pupils, and hypertension

rapid respiration and visual symptoms

methanol poisoning has symptoms of:

coma

metabolic acidosis

retinal hemorrhages

carbon monoxide poisoning manifests a

ciguatoxin

poisonous predatory fishes contain inedible organs or toxins

saxitoxin

toxin found in oysters, mussels, and scallops

nitric oxide

an air pollutant which can cause methemoglobinemia

aflatoxin

a carcinogenic substance found in stale peanut

latrotoxin

black widow spider venom

barium

causes digitalis-like toxicity and baritosis

strychnine

convulsions caused by drug poisoning are most commonly associated with

barbiturate

best known physiological antidote for strychnine

rotten canned goods

botulinum is found in

syrup of ipecac

induction of vomitting is accomplished by administering

conjuctival and bronchial irritation

sulfure dioxide has these signs of exposure

atropine

poisoning due to anti-cholinesterase is best managed by the administration of

esmolol

antidote of theophylline and caffeine

methanol and ethylene glycol

antidote of ethanol

acute hepatic necrosis

complication from acetaminophen overdose

pyridoxine

isoniazid antidote

calcium

fluoride toxicity can manage by

phospholipase A2

hemolytic agent responsible for much of the red cell and tissue damage resulting from snake bites

antivenom

therapy to rattlesnake bite

hypovolemia

osmotic diuretics has an ADR of

HYPER

G

L

U

C

thiazide diuretics has an ADR of

metabolic acidosis

acetazolamide has an ADR of

loop diuretics

ethacrynic acid is classified as

CAIs: -amide

Loop: -mide

Thiazides: -thiazides

KSD: -thiazide, -amide, - done

suffix of the ff diuretics

KSD

diuretic that causes gynecomastia, impotence, and hyperkalemia

arsenic

aldrich-mees lines are sign of:

green tongue

vanadium poisoning has a sign of

phosphorus poisoning

phossy jaw is manifested in

contact dermatitis

nickel poisoning can have a

EDTA

Pb, Mn, Zn poisoning should be given a

penicillamine

Cu, Pb, Hg toxcixity should be given an antidote of

formic acid

causes blindness due to methanol toxicity

disulfiram

inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase

fomepizole

inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase

vitamin B1 deficiency

wernicke’s encephalopathy is manifested in this vitamin

physostigmine

atropine poisoning should be given a

toxicology

deals with the study of poison, mechanism of toxicity and its treatment

toxicity

intrinsic ability of an agent to harm living organisms

risk

expected frequency of the occurrence of an undesirable effect arising from exposure to a chemical or physical agents

hazard

ability of chemical agent to cause injury in a given situation or setting

acute

<24 hours

sub acute

1 month or less

subchronic

1-3 months

chronic

3 months

accidental

posion was taken without to cause death

suicidal

posion taken voluntarily for the purpose of taking his own life

homicidal

poison given willfully and with intent to cause death to the victim

underermined

poison taken when history is hazy as to how poison was obtained

pulmonary fibrosis

toxic effect of paraquat

skin necrosis

toxic effect of acids and bases

metabolic acidosis

toxic effect of methanol

cirumstantial

not strong evidence

post mortem

evidence that is gathered after an autopsy is performed