US History ACP Lap 2 Quiz (copy)

Change the gov: What did the Judiciary Act do and why was it a Fed success?

it structured the judicial branch and established a court hierarchy

• District

• Circuit

• SCOTUS

it increased the power of the federal government

What was created to help the Executive enforce laws?

Cabinet

What was the biggest problem facing Washington and the new gov?

debt

What were Hamilton and Jefferson’s jobs in the Washington administration?

Hamilton: Secretary of the Treasury

Jefferson: Secretary of State

What were the main points of Hamilton’s economic plan?

tariffs & excise taxes to create an income

create a national bank to deposit the money (to repay debts & provide currency)

How does the creation of a Bank reflect the Federalists’ loose interpretation?

The Constitution doesn’t say CANT have a bank, so Feds can establish the bank

How did opposition to the bank reflect Dem-Reps’ interpretation of the Constitution?

If it’s not in the Constitution, then can’t establish it

Contrast Federalist and Dem-Republican philosophies of political powers in gov.

Fed: strong, central gov (federal power); loose interpretation of Constitution

Dem-Rep: small gov/ states’ rights (limited gov/ local gov); strict interpretation of Constitution

Contrast the economic focus and supporters of Feds and Dem-Reps.

Feds: focus on banking, commerce, manufacturing; supported by wealthy merchants/bankers with ties to GB

Dem-Reps: focus on farming; supported by farmers/landowners

Which side won the 1791 bank debate? Compromise?

Hamilton/ Feds won

The Feds got the Bank, while Dem-Reps moved the Capital to Washington D.C.

Results: What was the main political side effect of the Bank issue?

Political parties

How did some Westerners later oppose the Fed’s excise tax?

Whiskey Rebellion

How did Washington finally end the Whiskey Rebellion and maintain unity?

sent troops to arrest leaders

Results: What are several results of the Whiskey Rebellion?

restored law & order/ maintained unity

showed federal gov could enforce laws

Change the gov: What was added to the Constitution in 1791?

Bill of Rights

What did the Proclamation of Neutrality say and what was the impact on the US?

…

U.S. would stay neutral/ not take sides in the war b/w France and GB

Impact: basis of US foreign policy for next 100+ years

Foreign Policy Terms: Treaty of Greenville and Pinckney Treaty

Greenville: forced Native Groups to give up land in Ohio and Indiana

Pinckney: Spain gave U.S. free navigation of the Mississippi River and right to port of New Orleans

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts and why were they passed by Congress?

Laws that let the gov’t deport non-citizens and made it illegal to speak out against gov’t

Passed bc Feds wanted to silence Dem-Reps/ stop immigrants from voting against them

How did the Dem-Reps respond to the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions - NULLIFICATION: states can ignore laws

Why did the House decide the election of 1800 and relate to the 12th Amendment?

Massive Electoral College voting issues during the election (Jefferson & Burr tied)

12th Amendment: voting ties wouldn’t happen again

What are 2 characteristics of the Revolution of 1800?

• 1st Democratic President (Jefferson)

• 1st peaceful change of political power From Feds to Dem-Reps

Following Dem-Rep ideals, what actions by Jefferson decreased federal power?

• Cut taxes

• Reduced national/federal budget

• Downsized the military

Criticism: What were Jefferson’s political and economic problems with the LA Purchase?

strict interpretation (but Constitution never says how to buy land), cost, governance, neighbors (got rid of French in NA)

Economic: Cost ($15 million in debt)

List several benefits of/ arguments in favor of the Louisiana Purchase.

$15 million in debt, doubled the size of the US (agricultre & trade), Lewis & Clark sent to identify resources, removed French & Spanish from immediate border

Marbury v. Madison (1803)- define what was established and its impact.

established judicial review (judges reviewing laws)

Impact: Marshall increased the power of the Court and Federal gov

Causes:  What were three trade/ naval problems the US had with Britain?

Britain’s impressment (Brits capture U.S. sailors), seizure (Brits take stuff), and blockade

Causes:  What were two frontier/ territory problems the US had with Britain?

NAI alliances, forts, and gain Canada?!?

Causes: Contrast the two political responses to British/ France aggression.

• 1807 - Embargo Act (after diplomacy failed)

• 1809 - Non-lntercourse Act → no Brits in France

Course:  How did GB victory over the French change the War of 1812 here (2)?

Massive Influx of Veteran Troops

Naval Block

1. Course:  Where was America’s clearest victory in the War of 1812?

Battle of New Orleans

Results:  How was the US NOT impacted by the Treaty of Ghent?

Diplomatic draw that restored pre-war conditions…

• No occupation, no territory changes, no gov’t changes, or reparations

  • Not a whole lot changes (war is meaningless)

1. Results:  What were some long term results of the War of 1812?

Treaty of Ghent -

• GB returned forts, stopped impressment, et. al.

• Increased nationalism & world standing

• Collapse of Fed party

1. Terms:  Rush- Bagot Treaty and Panic of 1819

Rush-Bagot Treaty - Demilitarize U.S./ Canadian border & the Great Lakes

Panic of 1819 - Cotton market/ real estate collapse… Depression!!

1. What was the Monroe Doctrine?  Impact?

Europe stay OUT of the Western Hemi. (not a treaty or law)

Little to no impact in 1823 → U.S. is poor and powerless

1. Describe the post-war shift in sectional politics:

Shifting political concerns

Dem- Reps in decline

What are the main decisions of McCulloch v. MD (1819) and its impacts?

• The bank IS constitutional

• Federal supremacy - FBI has first crack on all court cases (bf detectives)

• States CANT tax federal institutions (Ex: passports)

1. What are the three main points of the MO Compromise?

• MO is SLAVE state,

• Maine is FREE state (balance senate),

• 30 36 line (above is FREE except MO)

What did Clay propose in the American System and why would some oppose it?

Use fed $$$ (taxes) to build infrastructure in W states

“use ur own money!!”

1. Why was the election of 1824 decided by the House of Reps?

No presidential candidate won a majority of the electoral votes

• Jackson has the most votes but not MAJORITY

• 12 Amendment states that if no candidate secures an electoral majority, an election must be held in the House of Reps

1. What was the corrupt bargain and why was Jackson mad about it?  

CB - Henry Clay used his influence to help John Quincy Adams win the presidency

• Jackson mad because thought election was stolen, thought there was an elite backroom meeting without him, and he had most but not MAJORITY

1. Contrast the political ideals of the Whigs and the Democrats

Democrats: Appeals to small farmers + city workers, states rights, strict interpretation, NO BANK (BUS)

Whigs: Strong, central gov’t, internal improvements/ American system, banks, tariffs, and taxes

What is nullification and what was the central issue of the Nullification Crisis?

States can say no to federal laws

SC tried to nullify the Tariffs of’28 +’32

• AJ threatened to send troops to collect it

  • “Disunion is treason!”

• Result: Federal Supremacy

How did Jackson respond to S.Carolina’s nullification and threats of secession?

• Issued the Nullification Proclamation: “Disunion is treason!”

• Increased Military Readiness

• Was able to use the Army and Navy to collect tariff duties if SC resisted

1. Like Washington, what would Jackson do to end the Nullification Crisis?

Send troops to SC

1. After the Bank War, why was the creation of Pet Banks disastrous?

caused a Depression!?!

1. How did Jackson change the president’s relationship with Congress (2)?

• Shifted the balance of power by positioning the president—rather than Congress—as the direct representative of the American people

• Use of Veto power

1. How did each branch of gov’t contribute to the Trail of Tears? (Congress + SCotUS)

Congress -

• Passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 - giving Jackson legal authority and funding to negotiate treaties with tribes

SCotUS - Worchester v. Georgia - Marshall ruled that Georgia’s state laws had no force to be enforced within Cherokee territory, and the Cherokee had a right to self-government

Executive Branch - Enforced removal

1. What were reasons many like Jackson supported the removal of Natives?

• Econ and pop. growth

• National security

• Protect Native American tribes from cultural collapse

1. Why did so many die on the Trail of Tears/ describe conditions?

15,000 travel by foot, in winter

Lack of transportion/ food/ proper shelter

illness and disease…. death

1. Term: spoils system

Rewards political supporters