STS chapter 2 part 1

What is eudaimonia?

Human flourishing or happiness

Who are the two major Greek philosophers discussed?

Plato and Aristotle

What did Plato consider essential for flourishing?

Moral thought and virtuous action

What are Plato’s four cardinal virtues?

Wisdom, courage, temperance, justice

What is wisdom?

Pursuing knowledge and sound judgement

What is courage?

Standing for what is right despite challenges

What is temperance?

Moderation and self restraint

What is justice?

Acting rightly and supporting a just society

What does Plato say about wealth and fame?

They do not guarantee flourishing

Why is reason important for Plato?

It overcomes ignorance and guides virtue

What is Aristotle’s highest human good?

Eudaimonia

What four aspects of human nature does Aristotle identify>

Physical, emotional, social, rational

What does physical human nature involve?

Food, water, rest, and exercise

What does emotional human nature involve?

Desires, feelings, and reactions

What does social human nature involve?

Friendship, cooperation, and belonging

What does rational human nature involve?

Reasoning, expression, and creation

How does Aristotle define virtue?

A trait enabling a person to flourish

What are Aristotle’s two broad kinds of virtue?

Intellectual and character virtues

How is intellectual virtue developed?

Through learning and reasoning

How is character virtue developed?

Through habit and practice

What is theoretical knowledge?

Knowledge of nature and principles

What is practical knowledge?

Knowledge of hot to apply principles

What is phronesis?

Practical wisdom

Why is pronesis important?

It guides appropriate action in context

Name four Aristotelian character virtues

Courage, justice, temperance, truthfulness

Name four more character virtues

Magnificence, magnanimity, wittiness, shame

Name the remaining three character virtues

Liberty, patience, friendliness

What role does education pay in virtue?

It helps cultivate good judgment and habits

What is modern human flourishing?

Well-being across several life dimensions

Name three dimensions of modern flourishing

Health, happiness, and purpose

Name the other three dimensions

Virtue, relationships, financial stability

What does intrinsic worth mean?

Valuable for its own sake

What is actualization of human potential?

Developing and using one’s capabilities

Why does potential differ between people?

People have different abilities and circumstances

What does flourishing across a whole life mean?

Assessing life broadly, not one moment

Why is flourishing dynamic?

It requires continues development

What are objective goods?

Thing generally beneficial to human lives

Give an example of an objective good

Supportive social relationships

How does the modern view differ from Greek accounts?

It treats flourishing as valuable in itself

What is science?

Systematic knowledge explaining the world

What is technology?

Practical application of knowledge

How does science resemble theoretical knowledge?

Both explain underlying principles

How does technology resemble practical knowledge?

Both apply principles to practical ends

How can science and technology help flourishing?

They expand knowledge and human capabilities

What organism is linked to penicillin’s discovery?

Penicillium notatum

What did penicillin make possible?

Treatment of many bacterial infections

Name two benefits of technology

Easier work and better health

Name two more benefits of technology

Entertainment and improved safety

What major historical process did technology enable?

Industrialization

What is the danger of industrialization?

Reducing workers to machine-like roles

What environmental harm can technology cause?

Pollution

What destructive technology is discussed?

Nuclear weapons

What is the overall message about technological progress?

It can help or harm human flourishing

Who wrote The Question Concerning Technology?

Martin Heidegger

What does Heidegger examine?

The essence of technology

What is the instrumental view of technology?

A means to an end

What is the anthropological view of technology?

A human activity

Why are these two definitions incomplete?

They miss technology’s deeper essence

What concept connects means and ends?

Causality

How many causes are discussed by Heidegger?

Four

What are the four causes?

Causa materialis, causa formalis, causa finalis, causa efficiens

What is causa materialis?

The material something is made from

What is causa formalis?

It’s form or shape

What is causa finalis?

It’s end or purpose

What is causa efficiens?

What brings about the effect

What is the causa materialis of a silver chalice?

Silver

What is the causa formalis of the chalice?

It’s shape or form

What is the causa finalis of the chalice?

It’s end

What is the causa efficiens of the chalice?

The silversmith

What does aition mean?

That which is responsible for something

What does hyle mean?

Material

What does eidos mean?

Form or shape

What does telos mean?

End or purpose

What is logos associated with in the slides?

Revealing

What is poeisis?

Bringing-forth or revealing

What is aletheia?

Unconcealment or revealing of truth

What is techne?

Knowing or skill in making and art

What is technology’s essence for Heidegger?

A mode of revealing

What is standing reserve?

Nature is viewed as resources ready for use

How can a forest become a standing reserve?

It is viewed as timber or paper supply

How can humans become a standing reserve?

They are treated as usable resources

What is enframing?

A way of ordering reality as controllable resources

What is the danger of enframing?

Reducing nature and people to resources

What is a possible saving power of recognizing enframing?

Greater awareness of responsibility

Can humans fully control nature?

No, nature exceeds complete human control

What should humans remember about technology?

They are responsible for caring for the world

How do virtue and technology connect to flourishing?

Both shape the conditions of a good life

What is the chapter’s main ethical question?

How can technology serve flourishing responsibly?

What is hedonic?

Makes you happy temporarily

What is eudaimonic?

Contributes to your long term growth

Why is electronic reading more difficult?

Devices provide many opportunities for distraction

What is one of the main concerns in “Is the Human Flourishing in the ICT world in the future likely?”?

Multitasking

What is Bloom’s taxonomy to explain six levels of thinking?

6. Evaluation, 5. Synthesis, 4. Analysis, 3. Application, 2. Comprehension, 1. Knowledge

What is ICT?

Information and Communication Technolgy

What is PIU?

Problematic Internet Use

What is the solution to reduce negative effects of digital distractions?

Mindfulness

What is the conclusion of the ICT paper?

Human flourishing in the future ICT world is possible, but it depends on how technology is used

Economic growth does not always eliminate what?

Poverty

Which countries consume too many resources?

Rich countries

What does de-develop mean?

Rich countries should reduce unnecessary economic activity and resource consumption