Unit One

al-Farabi

His book is The Virtuous City.

Aquinas, St. Thomas

Catholic theologian and philosopher of the Middle Ages, author of Summa and On Princely Government.

Aristotle

Student of Plato, known for his interests in various fields like aesthetics, logic, physics, biology, politics, and theatre.

Augustine, Saint

A North African scholar, Catholic theologian and philosopher.

Averroes

An Arab Muslim philosopher.

Avincenna

His book is The Book of Healing.

Bacon, Roger

A medieval English philosopher.

Berkeley, George

An Irish bishop and idealist philosopher.

Buddha

His philosophy is the search for ultimate freedom and escape from the cycle of rebirth.

Browne, Harry

Believed 'ethics is a sham' and promoted egoism.

de Beauvoir, Simone

French feminist and existentialist philosopher.

de Montaigne, Michel

French philosopher who popularized the essay.

Descartes, Rene

French philosopher known for the famous saying 'Cogito ergo sum'.

Frankl, Viktor

Jewish psychology and existentialist philosopher known for Logotherapy.

Gandhi

Promoted ahimsa, meaning non-violence and putting others first.

Hegel, G.W.F.

A modern philosopher.

Heraclitus

Known for the statement 'All reality is changing.'

Hobbes, Thomas

Author of Leviathan, influenced by the English Civil War.

d’Holbach, Paul Henri

A determinist philosopher.

Hypatia of Alexandria

Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer.

Janis, Irving

Came up with the term 'Groupthink'.

Kierkegaard, Soren

A modern philosopher.

Lao Tzu

Chinese philosopher and author of the Tao-Te-Ching.

Locke, John

Author of The Second Treatise of Civil Government.

Maimonides

A medieval philosopher.

More, St. Thomas

A Renaissance philosopher.

Parmenides

Known for the belief that 'What exists is unchanging and imperishable'.

Plato

Greek philosopher known for The Cave from the Republic and his dialogues.

Protagoras

A pre-Socratic philosopher.

Rachels, James

Argued against Brown's egoism.

Radhakrishnan, Sarvepali

Known for the concept of karma, which combines determinism and freedom.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

Author of The Social Contract.

Russell, Bertrand

English philosopher who wrote 'The Value of Philosophy'.

Sartre, Jean Paul

Modern French philosopher.

Seneca

Roman philosopher.

Shri Madhvacharya

East Indian philosopher.

Socrates

Known as the father of philosophy, famously drank hemlock.

Stenstad, Gail

Feminist philosopher who discussed 'anarchic thinking'.

Thales

Known for the belief that 'Everything is ultimately made of water'.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig

Modern Austrian philosopher.

Zeno

Famous for the paradox, 'A runner cannot move from one point to another.'