bio unit five test

Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases can be classified as:

pathogenic

The best method of preventing the spread of aerosol infections is by:

the patient wearing a mask

All of the following are types of indirect transmission except:

• fomite

• vector

• aerosol

• touching

touching

The common cold is an example of an infection by a:

virus

The term that best describes the absolute removal of all life forms is:

sterilization

A person is bitten by a mosquito and develops an infection. This type of transmission is known as:

vector

A health care worker is accidentally punctured with a contaminated needle. This type of transmission is known as:

fomite

An outpatient develops a staphylococcal infection after a surgical procedure. This type of transmission is known as:

• vector

• fomite

• nosocomial

• more than one of the above, but not all

more than one of the above, but not all

An infectious microbe can gain entrance into the human body by:

ingression, penetration

Handwashing uses which methods of infection control?

chemical, physical

A pacemaker prevents bradycardia by:

1. sensing the patient's heartbeats

2. pacing the heart when it does not contract

3. producing electrical impulses

1, 2, and 3

What type of catheter is the Foley?

retention balloon

When handling sterile gloves with a nonsterile hand, which of the following is not considered sterile?

inside of the cuff

Outside air is prevented from entering the pleural cavity through the chest tube by the:

water seal chamber

The goal of good sterile technique is to:

protect the patient from infection

The first rule of caring for a tracheostomy patient is:

establish communication

The purpose of the surgical hand scrub is to:

1. remove debris and transient microorganisms from the hands, nails, and forearms

2. destroy infected material

3. inhibit rapid rebound growth of microorganisms

1 and 3

All of the following are true in regard to Foley catheters except

• this type of catheter is held in place by an inflatable balloon at the end

• this type of closed drainage system catheter is used for a long-term use and sutured to the skin

• this type of catheter is used to primarily empty the bladder

• this type of catheter can be made of varying materials such as latex or plastic

this type of closed drainage system catheter is used for a long-term use and sutured to the skin

What parts of a gown are considered sterile?

1. sleeves

2. front from the waist up

3. back from below the waist

1 and 2

Neonatal portable radiography requires the most care to maintain asepsis; which one of the following will best ensure asepsis of an infant?

1. careful attention paid to everything that the radiographer comes in contact with and proper cleaning protocols followed

2. hand washing after each patient

3. wiping down the machine before each patient

1, 2, and 3

The most common types of nasogastric tubes is:

Levin

How can leakage from a double-lumen tube be prevented?

use a piston-like syringe

Bedpans should be:

sterilized between uses

Hypertonic solution is used when:

the patient cannot tolerate large amounts of fluid

The normal adult patient should be able to tolerate how much fluid from a cleansing enema?

500 mL

What should be done if cramping occurs during a barium enema?

the patient should be told to use deep oral breathing, the enema should be stopped

Desirable characteristics of a barium suspension include:

1. rapid flow

2. good mucosal adhesion

3. thick layering

1 and 2

A postural drop in blood pressure can occur after a barium enema as a result of:

dehydration

With a double-barrel colostomy, the proximal stoma delivers ____________ and the distal stoma produces _____________.

stool/mucus

Approximately what percentage of colostomy patients has recurrences of cancer?

10

T or F: Infectious organisms too small to be seen with unaided human vision are called microorganisms and include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi.

T

T or F: Three routes of transmission of infection are direct and involve transport of organisms by means of fomites, vectors, and airborne contamination.

F

microscopic organisms that include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa

microorganisms

invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues that may be clinically inapparent or may result in local cellular injury as a result of metabolism, toxins, cell replication, or antigen-antibody response

infection

an infection must have a:

host

disease producing microorganisms, cause infectious diseases

pathogens

microscopic, single celled organism

bacteria

neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic, single cell that cannot survive outside of a living cell

viruses

viruses are not impacted by:

antibiotics

common cold is aka:

rhinovirus

eukaryotic, can contain yeasts or molds and be much larger or macroscopic

fungi

unicellular organisms that are neither plants nor animals

protozoan parasites

what is attached to a protozoan parasite and helps it move?

flagellum, cilia

animal or plant that harbors or nourishes another organism

host

carrier such as an arthropod, mosquito, flea, tick, spider, etc; transfers an infective agent from one host to another

vector

inanimate object (such as a book, wooden object, clothing, cups, etc.) that is not harmful in itself, but may harbor pathogenic organisms and can transmit infection

fomite

alternative or passive host or carrier that harbors pathogenic organisms, without injury to itself, and serves as a source from which other individuals can be infected

reservoir

A person who serves as a reservoir is called a:

carrier

A hospital acquired condition is known as a ____________ infection.

nosocomial

An infection that results from the activities of a physician is called ___________.

iatrogenic

the absolute killing of all life forms is called:

sterilization

__________________ involves reduction in numbers of infectious agents, which will decrease the probability of infection, but does not reduce it to ___%.

medical asepsis; 0

_______ is the most frequently used method of physical sterilization.

heat

An _________ uses moist heat and steam under pressure. It is effective at killing vegetative cells and endospores when used at 250° F at a pressure of 15 pounds for 15 minutes.

autoclave

__________ by dry heat is done with an oven. The temperature is 320° F for 120 minutes.

sterilization

___________ involves moderate heat followed by rapid cooling. Pasteurization does not sterilize the liquid involved.

pasteurization

___________ light can produce maximal killing of microbes. It is unable to penetrate glass, paper, body fluids, and then layers of cells.

ultraviolet