BIOL 3301 Chapter 13 Notes

Sense codons

Sequences of three bases that specifies a specific amino acid

Peptide bond

Formed between the carboxyl group in the last amino acid and the amino group of the added amino acid

Primary structure

A linear sequence of amino acid

Chaperones

Are proteins that bind to polypeptides and facilitate proper folding

Secondary structure

A regualr repeating pattern of molecular structure; alpha helix or beta sheet

tertiary structure

Short regions of secondary structure within a polypeptide are folded relative to each other

Quaternary structure

When there is two or more polypeptides that are associated with each other

Two functions or tRNA

1. Recognize the codon on the mRNA

2. Carries an amino acid specific to the codon

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

Catalyze an attachment between an amino acid and tRNA

Charged tRNA or aminoacyl tRNA

Has an amino acid attached to the 3 prime end of tRNA by a covalent bond

Ribosome

A macromolecule where translation occurs

Ribosomal bacteria

30s + 50s =70s

Eukaryotic ribosome

40s + 60s=80s

Ribosomal RNA

A types of RNA found in ribosomes and is necessary for translation to take place

Peptidyl site (p-site)

The place on the ribosome that carries a tRNA along with a polypeptide

Aminoacyl site (A site)

The place where charges tRNA initially binds

Exit site (e site)

The place where uncharge tRNA leave

Initiation of translation

Ribosomal subunits, mRNA and first tRNA form a complex

Elongation of translation

Ribosome slides along the mRNA in 5 prime to 3 prime direction while tRNA bring in amino acid

Termination of translation

A stop codon is reached, disassembly occur, newly made polypeptide is released

Release factors

Recognize stop codons