BSD All Codes

PDFs From Reference Drive

Title of the Code

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 1] What official name does Sec. 101 give the Code, and how is it referred to → Prescribed under Section 101 as the "National Building Code of the Philippines" and referred to as the "Code".

Declaration of Policy

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 1] What does the Declaration of Policy (Sec. 102) aim to safeguard and regulate → Declared under Section 102 to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare consistent with sound environmental management; provides minimum standards to regulate location, site, design, quality of materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance of all buildings.

Scope and Application (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 1] What activities/subjects does the Code apply to (13 items) → Applies to: 1. Design; 2. Location; 3. Siting; 4. Construction; 5. Alteration; 6. Repair; 7. Conversion; 8. Use; 9. Occupancy; 10. Maintenance; 11. Moving; 12. Demolition; 13. Addition to public and private buildings (except traditional indigenous family dwellings).

Application to Existing Buildings

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 1] How are buildings built before the Code's approval treated → Buildings constructed prior to code approval are not affected except when alterations, additions, conversions, or repairs are made, where provisions apply only to the modified portions.

General Building Requirements (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 1] General requirements every building and its accessories must meet (3 items) → 1. All buildings and accessories must conform to safe construction principles and be suited to their purpose; 2. Manufacturing/production facilities must observe adequate environmental safeguards; 3. All parts and facilities must be maintained in safe, sanitary, and good working condition.

Site Requirements

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 1] Site requirements: what must the land be like and what safe distances apply → The land or site must be sanitary, hygienic, or safe; human abodes must be at a safe distance from polluted water bodies, volcanoes/volcanic sites, or potential sources of fire/explosion.

Administration and Enforcement Responsibility

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Who is vested with administration and enforcement of the Code → Vested in the Secretary of Public Works, Transportation and Communications (now DPWH Secretary), including imposition of administrative penalties.

Technical Staff of the Secretary

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Who composes the Secretary's technical staff → A professional department staff composed of highly qualified architects, engineers, and technicians with diversified experience in building design and construction.

General Powers and Functions of the Secretary (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] General powers and functions of the Secretary (4 items) → 1. Formulate policies, plans, standards, and guidelines on design, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance; 2. Promulgate implementing rules and regulations (IRR); 3. Evaluate, review, approve, and take final action on changes/amendments to Referral Codes; 4. Prescribe and fix regulatory fees and charges collected by the Building Official.

Building Officials

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Who enforces the Code in the field, and who may be designated → Officials responsible for field enforcement of the Code and orders issued thereunder; incumbent Public Works District, City, and Municipal Engineers may be designated by the Secretary.

Qualifications of Building Officials (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Qualifications of a Building Official (4 items) → 1. Filipino citizen and of good moral character; 2. Duly registered architect or civil engineer; 3. Member of good standing of an accredited professional organization for not less than 2 years; 4. At least 5 years of diversified and professional experience in building design and construction.

Duties of a Building Official (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Duties of a Building Official (5 items) → 1. Enforce provisions of PD 1096 and its IRR in his territorial jurisdiction; 2. Issue building permits; 3. Enter any building/premises at reasonable times to inspect; 4. Order work stopped and set terms for resumption when work is contrary to code; 5. Order discontinuance of unauthorized use or occupancy.

Building Permit Fees Allocation

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] How building permit fee collections are split between the Building Official's office and the local treasury → The Building Official retains not more than 20% of collections for office operating expenses; the remaining 80% is deposited with the local treasurer and accrues to the General Fund of the province, city, or municipality.

Exemptions from Building Permit Fees (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Which buildings are exempt from building permit fees (2 items) → 1. Public buildings; 2. Traditional indigenous family dwellings.

Traditional Indigenous Family Dwelling (Definition)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Term defined as: A dwelling intended for the use and occupancy of the owner's family only, constructed of native materials (bamboo, nipa, logs, or lumber) with total cost not exceeding fifteen thousand pesos (P15,000.00).

Publication Requirement for Implementing Rules

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] How long must implementing rules be published before they take effect → Standards, rules, and regulations take effect after publication once a week for three (3) consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation.

Administrative Fine Limit

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Maximum administrative fine the Secretary may impose → The Secretary is empowered to prescribe and impose administrative fines not exceeding ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00).

Penal Provisions (Criminal Penalties)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Criminal penalties for violating the Code (fine, imprisonment, liability of officials/aliens) → Fine of not more than twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00), imprisonment of not more than two (2) years, or both; corporate officials are held liable, and aliens are deported immediately after serving sentence or paying the fine.

Dangerous and Ruinous Buildings (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] Conditions that make a building dangerous or ruinous → Buildings declared as structurally unsafe, lacking safe egress, fire hazards, dangerous to human life, hazardous to safety/health/welfare due to inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, abandonment, or intolerable community pollution.

Abatement of Dangerous Buildings

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 2] What the Building Official orders to abate a dangerous building → The Building Official orders repair, vacation, or demolition depending on the degree of danger, without prejudice to Civil Code actions (Articles 482 and 694-707).

Building Permits Requirement

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 3] What must be obtained from the Building Official before erecting, altering, moving or demolishing a building → Mandatory written permit obtained from the Building Official before erecting, constructing, altering, repairing, moving, converting, or demolishing any building or structure.

Information Required in Permit Application (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 3] Information required in a building permit application (5 items) → 1. Description of the work covered; 2. Certified true copy of Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) or contract of lease if applicant is not registered owner; 3. Intended use or occupancy; 4. Estimated cost of the proposed work; 5. At least five (5) sets of plans and specifications signed and sealed by registered professionals.

Permit Processing Checkpoints (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 3] Aspects reviewed during building permit processing → Zoning and land use, lines and grades, structural design, sanitary and sewerage, environmental health, electrical safety, mechanical safety, and other promulgated rules.

Timeframe for Issuance of Building Permit

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 3] Time limit for issuing a building permit after payment of fees → Within fifteen (15) days from payment of the required fees, provided plans and specifications conform to code requirements.

Validity and Expiration of Building Permits (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 3] When a building permit expires (2 conditions) → 1. Expires if work authorized is not commenced within a period of one (1) year from permit date; 2. Expires if work is suspended or abandoned for a period of 120 days at any time after commencement.

Grounds for Permit Non-Issuance, Suspension, or Revocation (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 3] Grounds for non-issuance, suspension or revocation of a building permit (3 items) → 1. Errors found in the plans and specifications; 2. Incorrect or inaccurate data or information supplied; 3. Non-compliance with the provisions of PD 1096 or its rules.

Permit Appeals Process

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 3] Appeal process for permit decisions: where, deadlines, finality → Appeal must be filed with the Secretary within fifteen (15) days from receipt of notice; the Secretary renders a decision within fifteen (15) days; decision is final, subject only to Office of the President review.

Construction Supervision and Logbook

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 3] Owner's duty on construction supervision and the site logbook → Owner must engage a licensed architect or civil engineer for full-time inspection/supervision; a logbook recording progress, tests, and weather must be kept on site, signed, sealed, and submitted to the Building Official with a Certificate of Completion.

Certificate of Occupancy

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 3] Certificate required before occupying a building or changing its occupancy: issuance period and display → Mandatory permit issued by the Building Official within thirty (30) days following final inspection and Certificate of Completion submittal before occupying or changing occupancy classification; must be displayed conspicuously.

Types of Construction (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 4] Types of construction I to V under the Code → 1. Type I: Wood construction; 2. Type II: Wood construction with protective fire-resistant materials, 1-hour fire-resistive throughout; 3. Type III: Masonry and wood construction, 1-hour fire-resistive throughout with incombustible exterior walls; 4. Type IV: Steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction, incombustible 1-hour fire-resistive walls/ceilings; 5. Type V: Fire-resistive construction of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry throughout.

Fire Zones Defined

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 5] Term defined as: Areas within which only certain types of buildings are permitted to be constructed based on use, occupancy, type of construction, and resistance to fire.

Building in More than One Fire Zone

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 5] How a building straddling more than one fire zone is classified → Treated as situated in the more highly restrictive fire zone when more than one-third (1/3) of its total floor area is located within that zone.

Restrictions on Existing Buildings in Fire Zones (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 5] Conditions allowing existing buildings to remain in restrictive fire zones (5 items) → Permitted only if: 1. Entirely demolished; 2. Moved outside the highly restrictive zone; 3. Alteration value in 12 months does not exceed 20% of existing building value without adding combustibles; 4. Additions are separated by firewalls; 5. Fortuitous event damage repairs do not exceed 20% of replacement cost.

Fire-Resistive Rating Defined

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 6] Term defined as: The degree to which a material can withstand fire as determined by generally recognized and accepted testing methods.

Fire-Resistive Time Period Rating

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 6] Fire-resistive rating expressed as a time period: what it measures and how it is classified → The length of time a material can withstand being burned, classified as 1-hour, 2-hour, 3-hour, 4-hour, etc..

Group A Occupancy

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Occupancy group (NBCP classification by use) described as → Residential Dwellings (single-family dwellings).

Group B Occupancy

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Occupancy group (NBCP classification by use) described as → Residentials, Hotels, and Apartments: Multiple dwelling units including boarding/lodging houses, hotels, apartments, row houses, convents, monasteries accommodating more than 10 persons.

Group C Occupancy

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Occupancy group (NBCP classification by use) described as → Education and Recreation: School or day-care buildings involving assemblage for instruction, education, or recreation not classified under Groups H or I.

Group D Occupancy Divisions (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Which occupancy group has these divisions (Divisions 1 to 3) → 1. Division 1: Mental hospitals, sanitarias, jails, prisons, reformatories (restrained personal liberties); 2. Division 2: Nurseries for full-time care of children under kindergarten age, hospitals, nursing homes (>5 non-ambulatory patients); 3. Division 3: Nursing homes for ambulatory patients, homes for children of kindergarten age or over (>5 persons).

Group E Occupancy Divisions (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Which occupancy group has these divisions (Divisions 1 to 3) → 1. Division 1: Gasoline service stations, storage garages, boat storage (no open flames/welding); 2. Division 2: Wholesale/retail stores, offices, dining/drinking establishments (<100 persons), printing plants, police/fire stations, factories with non-hazardous goods; 3. Division 3: Aircraft hangars and open parking garages (no repair except parts exchange).

Group F Occupancy

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Occupancy group (NBCP classification by use) described as → Industrial: Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, creameries, workshops/factories with incombustible and non-explosive materials.

Group G Occupancy Divisions (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Which occupancy group has these divisions (Divisions 1 to 5) → 1. Division 1: Storage/handling of hazardous and highly flammable materials; 2. Division 2: Flammable liquids storage, dry cleaning using flammable liquids, paint stores/shops; 3. Division 3: Woodworking, planing mills, box factories, dust-generating plants, combustible warehouses; 4. Division 4: Repair garages; 5. Division 5: Aircraft repair hangars.

Group H Occupancy Divisions (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Which occupancy group has these divisions (Divisions 1 to 4) → 1. Division 1: Assembly with stage, occupant load <1,000; 2. Division 2: Assembly without stage, occupant load 300 or more; 3. Division 3: Assembly without stage, occupant load <300; 4. Division 4: Stadia, reviewing stands, amusement park structures.

Group I Occupancy

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Occupancy group (NBCP classification by use) described as → Assembly with stage and occupant load of 1,000 or more.

Group J Occupancy Divisions (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Which occupancy group has these divisions (Divisions 1 and 2) → 1. Division 1: Private garages, carports, sheds, and agricultural buildings; 2. Division 2: Fences over 1.80 m high, tanks, and towers.

Mixed Occupancy Rules (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Rules for buildings with mixed occupancies and their exceptions → 1. Entire building governed by most restrictive occupancy requirements; 2. Exception: 1-storey building where each portion conforms to its specific use; 3. Exception: Minor accessory uses occupying <=10% of floor or basic area do not dictate primary classification.

Types of Occupancy Separation (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Types of occupancy separation by fire-resistive hours (1-hr to 4-hr) → 1. One-Hour Fire-Resistive (openings have 1-hr fire assembly); 2. Two-Hour Fire-Resistive (openings have 2-hr fire assembly); 3. Three-Hour Fire-Resistive (3-hr openings, max aggregate opening width 25% of wall length, single opening max 10.00 sq m, floor openings protected by 2-hr vertical enclosures); 4. Four-Hour Fire-Resistive (no openings permitted).

Direct Street Access Requirement

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Access every building must have to a public space/yard/street, and eave setback → Every building must adjoin or have direct access to a public space, yard, or street on at least one of its sides; eaves over windows must be at least 750 mm from side and rear property lines.

Maximum Height Measurement

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] How maximum building height is measured, and limit on lowest adjoining surface → Measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface to the highest point; elevation of lowest adjoining surface cannot exceed maximum height by more than 3.00 m.

Group A Dwelling Minimum Requirements (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 7] Minimum requirements for Group A dwellings (lot occupancy, setback, footing, loads, stairs, exits) → 1. Lot occupancy: max 90% corner lot, max 80% inside lot; setback: at least 2.00 m from property lines; 2. Footing: at least 250 mm thick and 600 mm below ground; 3. First floor live load: at least 200 kg/sq m; second floor: at least 150 kg/sq m; 4. Roof wind load: at least 120 kg/sq m; 5. Stairs: min 750 mm clear width, max rise 200 mm, min run 200 mm; 6. At least 1 entrance and 1 separate exit.

Measurement of Site Occupancy

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 8] How site occupancy is measured and what is excluded → Taken at ground level, exclusive of courts, yards, and light wells; projections excluded except roof leaders, wall copings, sills, and fire escapes <=1.20 m wide.

Court Dimensions

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 8] Minimum court dimension and passageway for inner courts → Minimum horizontal dimension of a court is 2.00 m; inner courts must connect to a street or yard via a passageway at least 1.20 m wide or through rooms.

Ceiling Heights (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 8] Minimum ceiling heights by ventilation type, multi-storey and mezzanine headroom → 1. Habitable rooms with artificial ventilation: min 2.40 m (multi-storey: 1st storey = 2.70 m, 2nd storey = 2.40 m, succeeding = 2.10 m clearance); 2. Habitable rooms with natural ventilation: min 2.70 m; 3. Mezzanines: min 1.80 m headroom above and below.

Minimum Room Sizes (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 8] Minimum room sizes and least dimensions (habitation, kitchen, bath/toilet) → 1. Human Habitation: 6.00 sq m, least dimension 2.00 m; 2. Kitchens: 3.00 sq m, least dimension 1.50 m; 3. Bath and Toilet: 1.20 sq m, least dimension 0.90 m.

Air Space Requirements (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 8] Required air space per person (school rooms, workshops/offices, habitable rooms) → 1. School Rooms: 3.00 cu m with 1.00 sq m floor area per person; 2. Workshops, Factories, Offices: 12.00 cu m per person; 3. Habitable Rooms: 14.00 cu m per person.

Window Openings for Natural Ventilation

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 8] Minimum window opening area for natural ventilation as a percentage of floor area → Total free area of window opening must be at least 10% of the floor area of the room, opening directly to a court, yard, public street, alley, or open watercourse.

Vent Shaft Dimensions

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 8] Minimum vent shaft and air intake duct dimensions → Horizontal cross-sectional area: not less than 0.10 sq m per meter of height (minimum 1.00 sq m total); least horizontal dimension not less than 600 mm; air intake ducts minimum 0.30 sq m area and 300 mm dimension.

Artificial Air Changes Requirements (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 8] Minimum artificial air changes by occupancy type → 1. Offices, stores, restaurants, factories: min 3 air changes/hour; 2. Bakeries, commercial kitchens, laundries, boiler rooms: min 10 air changes/hour; 3. Auditoriums/Assembly: min 0.03 cu m air/min per person; 4. Institutional wards/dormitories: min 0.45 cu m air/min per person.

Sanitation and Drainage Guidelines (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 9] Sanitation and drainage guidelines (rainwater, rat-proofing, screening, sewage disposal) → 1. Rainwater drainage must not discharge into sanitary sewers; 2. Hollow/wood buildings require rat-proofing; 3. Naturally ventilated public dining rooms must be screened; 4. Sewage discharged into municipal mains or Imhoff/septic tank with subsurface field.

Footing and Foundation Encroachments into Streets (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 10] Permitted encroachment of footings and foundations into streets/sidewalks → 1. Footings >=2.40 m below grade along national roads may project up to 300 mm beyond property line; 2. Foundations with tops >=600 mm below grade may encroach into sidewalks up to 500 mm.

Balcony Clearances and Projections

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 10] Minimum height clearance of balconies over streets and where projection limits are found → Lowest underside of balcony must be at least 3.00 m above street/sidewalk grade; projection extent governed by Table 1003-A.

Arcades

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 10] Where arcades are required and their minimum vertical clearance → Required on sidewalks where mandated by zoning; uniform width and height, minimum vertical clearance of 3.00 m above sidewalk grade.

Canopies (Marquees)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 10] Canopies (marquees) over sidewalks: description, clearances and materials → Permanent roofed structure supported by building; horizontal clearance to curb line min 300 mm; vertical clearance to ground min 3.00 m; constructed of incombustible or 2-hour fire-resistive materials.

Awnings

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 10] Awnings over sidewalks: description, clearances and exit restriction → Movable shelter supported entirely by exterior wall; horizontal clearance to curb line min 300 mm; vertical clearance to ground min 2.40 m; must not block exits when collapsed.

Doors and Windows Projection Over Streets

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 10] Limits on doors and windows opening over streets/pavement → Doors/windows less than 2.40 m above pavement must not project beyond property line when opened, except fire exit doors.

Corner Buildings with Chaflans

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 10] Rule for truncating corner buildings/fences on narrow streets (chaflans) → Corner buildings/fences on streets <3.60 m wide must be truncated (chaflan) at right angles to the intersection angle bisector; arcaded buildings do not require chaflans on streets <12.00 m wide.

Pedestrian Walkways During Construction

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 11] Temporary pedestrian walkway requirements when sidewalks are closed for construction → Temporary walkways required if sidewalks are closed, min 1.20 m wide, capable of supporting uniform live load of 650 kg/sq m; lighted between sunset and sunrise.

Fences, Railings, and Canopies (Construction Site) (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 11] Railing, fence and canopy specifications at construction sites → 1. Railings: strong, at least 1.00 m high; 2. Fences: approved material, min 2.40 m high; 3. Canopies: min clear height 2.40 m, designed for live load min 600 kg/sq m, curb board min 300 mm high with 1.00 m railing if materials stored on top.

Pedestrian Protection Removal

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 11] Time limit to remove pedestrian protection after it is no longer needed → All protective devices must be removed within thirty (30) days after protection is no longer required.

Excavation and Underpinning Responsibility

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Excavator's responsibility for adjacent foundations and restoring public property → Excavator must underpin/extend adjacent foundations at own expense if lateral support is endangered; disturbances to public property must be restored within 48 hours.

Veneer Design Requirements (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Design requirements for veneer (4 items) → 1. Supports only its own weight and dead load above; 2. Backing supports vertical/lateral loads; 3. Anchored veneer withstands horizontal forces equal to 2x its weight; 4. Ties must be non-combustible and corrosion-resistant.

Vertical Shaft Enclosures

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Vertical shaft enclosure rules for elevator shafts and escalators → Elevator shafts spanning >2 storeys require approved roof ventilation; escalators in sprinklered Groups F/G omit enclosure if provided with draft curtain extending >=300 mm down and automatic sprinklers <=600 mm away, spaced <=1.80 m on center.

Attic Construction Requirements (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Attic construction requirements: access opening, area subdivision, draft stops → 1. Access opening min 600 mm square or 600 mm diameter with 800 mm headroom above; 2. Combustible attics subdivided into areas <=250 sq m (or <=750 sq m if sprinklered); 3. Draft stops required in truss roofs exceeding 2,000 sq m.

Number of Exits by Storey Occupant Load (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Minimum number of exits by storey occupant load → 1. Floors above 1st storey with occupant load >10: min 2 exits; 2. Storey occupant load 500 to 999: min 3 exits; 3. Storey occupant load 1,000 or more: min 4 exits.

Total Exit Width Calculation

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Formula for minimum total exit width → Total exit width in meters shall not be less than the total occupant load served divided by 165.

Exit Arrangement and Separation Distance

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Required separation between two exits → Two exits must be placed apart not less than one-fifth (1/5) of the perimeter of the area served, measured in a straight line.

Travel Distance to Exits

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Maximum travel distance to an exit (non-sprinklered vs. fully sprinklered) → Maximum 45.00 m in non-sprinklered buildings; maximum 60.00 m in buildings with complete automatic fire-extinguishing systems.

Exit Door Specifications (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Exit door specifications (swing, operation, size, prohibited types) → 1. Must swing in direction of travel if serving hazardous area or load >=50; 2. Openable from inside without key/special effort; 3. Minimum width 900 mm, minimum height 2.00 m, opening 90 degrees with clear width >=700 mm; 4. Max leaf width 1.20 m; 5. Sliding/revolving/overhead doors prohibited as required exits.

Corridor Width and Dead Ends

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Minimum corridor width for occupant load above 10 and maximum dead-end length → Corridors serving occupant load >10: min width 1.10 m; dead ends permitted up to maximum length of 6.00 m.

Stairway Dimensions (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Stairway dimensions: width by occupancy, rise/run, landings, headroom → 1. Width: >50 occupants = min 1.10 m; <=50 occupants = min 900 mm; private (<10 occupants) = min 750 mm; 2. Rise and Run: max rise 200 mm, min run 250 mm (5 mm max variation per flight); 3. Landing: dimension in direction of travel equals stair width (max 1.20 m for straight run); max vertical rise between landings 3.60 m; 4. Headroom clearance min 2.00 m.

Stair Handrail Specifications

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Stair handrail specifications → Required on each side; intermediate handrail required for each 3.00 m of required width; placed 800 mm to 900 mm above tread nosing; required on stairs with 4 or more risers.

Stairs to Roof Requirement

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] When at least one stairway must extend to the roof → In buildings four (4) or more storeys in height, at least one stairway must extend to the roof unless the roof has a slope greater than 1 in 3.

Smokeproof Enclosure Details (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Smokeproof enclosure requirements → Mandatory for one exit in buildings 5 or more storeys; 2-hour fire-resistive walls; stairs incombustible; accessed via open balcony or vestibule with 1 wall >=50% open to outside; doors 1-hour fire-resistive self-closing; discharges directly to public way or 2-hour exit passageway.

Exit Illumination Intensity

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Minimum exit illumination level → Not less than 10.7 lux at floor level during all occupied times.

Aisle Widths and Distance (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Aisle width, seat count limits between aisles, and travel line to exit door → 1. Width: min 800 mm (serving 1 side), min 1.00 m (serving 2 sides), increasing 30 mm per meter towards exit; 2. Seating: max 7 seats between wall and aisle, max 14 seats between aisles; 3. Line of travel to exit door max 45.00 m.

Seating Spacing Requirements (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Seating spacing: standard vs. continental seating and seat width → Standard seating: min 840 mm back-to-back. Continental seating: 450 mm clear (

Reviewing Stands, Grandstands, Bleachers (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Requirements for reviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers → 1. Combustible framing limited to 11 rows or 2.70 m height; 2. Live load 500 kg/sq m; 3. Row spacing: 600 mm (open air without backrest), 750 mm (with backrests), 850 mm (chairs); 4. Max rise between rows 400 mm; 5. Aisles min 1.10 m wide; 6. Guardrails min 1.10 m high.

Safe Dispersal Area (Capacity and Exits)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Safe dispersal area: capacity, distance, number of exits and exit width → Accommodates entire stand capacity at least 15.00 m away from building (min 0.28 sq m/person); min 2 exits (3 exits if >6,000 persons; 4 exits if >9,000 persons); exit width: 600 mm per 500 persons, min exit width 1.10 m.

Dry Standpipe Requirements (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Dry standpipe requirements (5 items) → 1. Mandatory in buildings 4 or more storeys; 2. Material: wrought iron or galvanized steel tested to 20 kg/sq cm; 3. Flow: 900 L/min from each of 3 outlets simultaneously; 4. Quantity: 1 standpipe per 950 sq m of floor above 3rd floor; 5. Siamese: 100 mm pipe = 2-way, 125 mm = 3-way, 150 mm = 4-way, placed 300 mm to 1.20 m above grade.

Wet Standpipe Requirements (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Wet standpipe requirements (4 items) → 1. Mandatory for Groups H/I (any height), Group C (>=2 storeys), Groups B/D/E/F/G (>=3 storeys or >1,800 sq m); 2. Flow: 190 L/min at 2.0 kg/sq cm pressure; 3. Coverage: all areas within 6.00 m of nozzle on 23.00 m hose (38 mm diameter); 4. Water supply: 100 mm street main, or tanks furnishing 1,500 L/min for 10 minutes, or fire pump delivering 1,000 L/min.

Basement Pipe Inlets

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Basement pipe inlets: where installed, size and lid marking → Installed in 1st floor of stores/warehouses/factories over basements: cast iron/steel sleeve >=200 mm diameter with brass lid marked "FOR FIRE DEPARTMENT ONLY, DO NOT COVER UP".

Stage Proscenium Wall and Curtain

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Stage proscenium wall and curtain requirements → Proscenium wall: min 2-hour incombustible construction extending >=1.20 m above auditorium roof; openings protected with 1.5-hour fire assembly; stage floor designed for >=620 kg/sq m; main proscenium opening equipped with self-closing fire-resistive curtain.

Motion Picture Projection Rooms (Enumeration)

[NBCP (PD 1096), Ch. 12] Motion picture projection room requirements (5 items) → 1. Mandatory for ribbon film >22 mm wide; 2. 1-hour fire-resistive construction, min ceiling 2.40 m, min floor area 7.00 sq m (+3.50 sq m per extra machine); 3. 2 exit doors >=750 mm wide by 2.00 m high; 4. Ports equipped with 2.4 mm metal shutters with 74°C fusible links; 5. Exhaust ventilation 0.50 to 1.40 cu m/min per arc lamp + 5.60 cu m for room.

Accessoria or Row House

[NBCP (PD 1096), Annex A] Term defined as: A house of not more than two storeys, composed of a row of dwelling units entirely separated from one another by party wall or walls and with an independent entrance for each dwelling unit.

Accessory Building

[NBCP (PD 1096), Annex A] Term defined as: A building subordinate to the main building on the same lot and used for purposes customarily incidental to those of the main building such as servants' quarters, garage, pump house, laundry, etc..

Agricultural Building

[NBCP (PD 1096), Annex A] Term defined as: A structure designed and constructed to house farm implements, hay, grain, poultry, livestock, or other horticultural products; not a place of human habitation or employment for processing/packaging.

Alley

[NBCP (PD 1096), Annex A] Term defined as: Any building space or thoroughfare which has been dedicated or deeded to the public or for public use as a passageway with a width of not more than three (3) meters.

Alter or Alteration

[NBCP (PD 1096), Annex A] Term defined as: Any change, addition, or modification in construction or occupancy.

Apartment

[NBCP (PD 1096), Annex A] Term defined as: A room or suite of two or more rooms, designed and intended for, or occupied by one family for living, sleeping, and cooking purposes.

Apartment House

[NBCP (PD 1096), Annex A] Term defined as: Any building or portion thereof rented or leased to be occupied as the home or residence of three or more families living independently and doing their own cooking, including flats.