CARLEGS and European Cultural Changes

C Customs and Traditions

Traditional ideas were increasingly challenged, and classical learning was revived

A Arts

Renaissance artists emphasized realism, perspective, shading, and human emotion

R Religion

The Protestant Reformation challenged Catholic Church authority and created new Christian denominations

L Language

Vernacular languages became more widely used in printed books and Bible translations

E Economy

Trade and banking expanded, creating wealth and strengthening the merchant middle class

G Government

Feudal power weakened, monarchies centralized authority, and Enlightenment thinkers challenged absolute rule

S Social Organization

Feudal hierarchies gradually changed as towns grew and merchants gained influence