Pediatric Nursing: Growth, Development, and Medication Administration

Flashcards reviewing pediatric nursing concepts including medication administration, pediatric growth parameters, developmental theories, immunizations, and milestones.

What is pharmacokinetics defined as in pediatric care?

The action of the drug, encompassing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Which high-risk medications require a double check by nurses before pediatric administration?

Insulin, narcotics, opioids, digoxin, anticoagulants, dextrose, and potassium chloride.

What is the procedure for administering nasal medications to an infant?

Remove excess mucus by suctioning with a bulb syringe, give saline nose drops, and follow with suctioning 20-30 minutes before feedings.

What is the proper application procedure for EMLA cream?

Cleanse the skin with soap and water, then leave the EMLA cream on for a minimum of 1 hour before removing.

How do proximodistal and cephalocudal directional development patterns differ?

Proximodistal proceeds from the middle and goes outwards, while cephalocudal proceeds from the head to the lower extremities.

What are the weight gain milestones for a child from birth to 2-3 years of age?

Weight doubles at 6 months, triples by 1 year, and quadruples by 2-3 years.

At what specific ages should developmental surveillance be performed?

At 9, 18, and 30 months.

What are Piaget's four stages of cognitive development and their corresponding age groups?

Sensorimotor period (infant), Preoperational period (toddler/preschooler), Concrete operations (school-age), and Formal operations (adolescent).

What are Erikson's psychosocial stages from infancy through adolescence?

Infant: Trust vs. Mistrust; Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt; Preschooler: Initiative vs. Guilt; School-age: Industry vs. Inferiority; Adolescent: Identity vs. Role Confusion.

What is the recommended dosing schedule for the Hepatitis B immunization?

3 doses given at birth, 2 months, and 6 months.

What are the daily milk recommendations for children aged 1-8 years versus those over 9 years?

Children aged 1-8 years require 2 cups of milk daily, while children over 9 years require 3 cups of milk daily.

How much do an infant's lungs grow in weight and volume relative to birth?

The lungs increase to 3 times their weight and 6 times their volume at birth.

At what age range do the Moro, tonic, and rooting reflexes disappear in an infant?

3-4 months.

At what ages do infants typically begin crawling and using a pincer grasp?

Crawling begins at 6-9 months, and the pincer grasp is used at 9 months.

What is the estimated visual acuity of a neonate at birth?

Approximately 20/100 to 20/150.

At what age is stranger anxiety typically established in an infant?

6-7 months.

What safe sleep practices are recommended to prevent SUID in infants?

Position the infant supine in their own crib with a firm mattress and an empty crib.

By what age should all 20 deciduous teeth be present?

By age 3.

What are the key interventions for supporting a child who stutters?

Do not interrupt, speak in short sentences, minimize stressful situations, and show love and acceptance.

How does a child's vocabulary size change between age 2 and age 5?

A child has a vocabulary of 300 words at 2 years old, which increases to 3100 words by age 5.

What dental changes begin at age 6 in school-aged children?

All 20 deciduous teeth begin to be lost starting at age 6, and 28 permanent teeth grow.

What are the average annual physical growth rates for a school-aged child?

A weight gain of 2.5 kg per year and a height increase of 5.5 cm per year.