2.1 Molecular Compounds

What is Perftoran?

• Artificial (temporary) blood substitute

What is Perftoran made of?

• Composed of 2 synthetic organic compounds

• Made from Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine

What are 2 advantages of Perftoran?”

1. It can be given to people of all blood types

2. It can be mass-produced in a laboratory

“Organic compounds can be _____ or _____”

• Natural (made by living things)

• Synthetic (synthesized in a lab)

What is organic chemistry?

• The chemistry of Carbon-based molecules

Do organic compounds have predictable or unpredictable chemical and physical properties determined by their structures?

• Predictable

What does ‘organic’ mean in chemistry?

• Includes everything

• Compounds derived from plants and animals and things like plastic, nylon, Kevlar, polyester, gasoline, natural gas, kerosene

What is Canadian Ray Lemieux known for?

• Synthesizing sucrose

Do organic compounds make up a high or low percentage of the total number of compounds in the world?

• High

In this course, ‘organic’ will usually mean-”

• -containing Carbon atoms

What are the two other names for molecular compounds?

1. Molecules

2. Covalent compounds

“When two non-metals bond, one or more pairs of electrons are _____ between atoms”

• “Shared”

What is the main difference between ionic and molecular compounds?

• Ionic compounds are composed of two or more elements but one is a metal and the other a non-metal

• Molecular compounds are composed of two or more elements that are non-metals

“Molecular compounds _____ one or more pairs of electrons to form _____ molecules”

• “share”

• “stable”

Is this a covalent bond or an ionic bond?

• Covalent bond

Is this a covalent bond or an ionic bond?

• Ionic bond

“A shared electron pair spends its time -”

• “-between both atoms”

Which is stronger- covalent bonds or ionic bonds?

• Covalent bond is stronger

The sharing of electrons in a covalent bond means what for their valence shells?

• Means both elements have 8 valence electrons and thus a full valence shell

What is this? Is it a molecular compound? How can you tell?

• Molecule of water (H₂O)

• Yes

• All 3 atoms have full valence shells

When a molecular compound is dissolved in water, does it behave like an ionic compound? Why or why not?

• No

• It does not split apart into ions in a solution

• It remains intact as molecules

“For a compound to conduct electricity through water it must form _____ in solution”

• “ions”

“Since molecules do not split apart in water, they do not _____ in solution”

• “conduct electricity”

What is the molecular formula for Glucose?

• C₆H₁₂O₆

What is this picture depicting?

• Glucose being dissolved by water molecules without dissociating

• Glucose does not break apart

• Instead it is surrounded water the water molecules

“Simple molecular compounds do not-”

• “conduct electricity”

Due to the bonding in molecular compounds, do they have high or low melting/boiling points?

• Low melting and boiling points

At room temperature, simple molecular compounds are _____ or _____

• Gases

• Liquids

When drawing a Lewis Diagram for molecular compounds, what goes in the centre?

• Generally, the element that appears first in the chemical formula is placed in the centre

What is the exception to the rule about placing the first element in the formula in the centre of Lewis Diagrams for molecular compounds?

• Hydrogen

• Hydrogen cannot be placed in the centre of a molecule

When drawing a Lewis Diagram for molecular compounds, the covalent bond is drawn as what?

• As a line

What would the Lewis Diagram look like for H₂CO?

What would the Lewis Diagram look like for N₂?

What are 3 reasons why Carbon is so special?

1. It has 4 valence electrons so it can form 4 strong covalent bonds

2. Can bond with itself in a chain-like fashion. Can form long molecules based on a Carbon backbone. Carbon-Carbon is strong and stable

3. Can form single and multiple bonds with itself. Allows for the formation of a variety of molecules with single/double/triple/ring-like structures

Besides Carbon, what is the only other element that can form 4 strong bonds?

• Silicon

Carbon is a _____ that can bond with _____

• “non-metal”

• “non-metal”