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Ecology
The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment, focusing on energy transfer.
Environment
Includes biotic factors (living organisms) and abiotic factors (non-living elements like temperature and soil).
Levels of Organization:
Biosphere
Sum of all ecosystems on Earth where life exists, e.g., global ecosystems.
Biome
Large area on Earth with specific plants, animals, climate, and geography.
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Communities interacting with abiotic factors, e.g., the savannah ecosystem.
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Different populations and species in a habitat, e.g., lions, zebras, and grasses on the savannah.
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Group of the same species in one place at the same time, e.g., a pride of lions.
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An individual living thing, e.g., a lion.
Habitat vs
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Where an organism lives throughout its life, e.g., a lion in the African savannah.
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Role and way of life in a community, e.g., lion as a top predator feeding on herbivores.
Feeding Relationships:
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Plants (autotrophs, producers) at the bottom of the food chain.
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Predators hunting prey, e.g., lions hunting zebras.
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Parasites feeding on hosts, e.g., ticks on a giraffe.
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Breaking down dead organisms, e.g., fungi decomposing fallen leaves.
Note
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