Life science

Ecology

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment, focusing on energy transfer.

Environment

Includes biotic factors (living organisms) and abiotic factors (non-living elements like temperature and soil).

Levels of Organization:

Biosphere

Sum of all ecosystems on Earth where life exists, e.g., global ecosystems.

Biome

Large area on Earth with specific plants, animals, climate, and geography.

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Communities interacting with abiotic factors, e.g., the savannah ecosystem.

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Different populations and species in a habitat, e.g., lions, zebras, and grasses on the savannah.

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Group of the same species in one place at the same time, e.g., a pride of lions.

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An individual living thing, e.g., a lion.

Habitat vs

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Where an organism lives throughout its life, e.g., a lion in the African savannah.

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Role and way of life in a community, e.g., lion as a top predator feeding on herbivores.

Feeding Relationships:

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Plants (autotrophs, producers) at the bottom of the food chain.

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Predators hunting prey, e.g., lions hunting zebras.

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Parasites feeding on hosts, e.g., ticks on a giraffe.

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Breaking down dead organisms, e.g., fungi decomposing fallen leaves.