Recent American History unit 2

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Eleanor Ponsonby

An early feminist and advocate for women's rights in the 19th century.

William Godwin

Philosopher known for his work on anarchism and political justice.

Anarchism

A political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.

17th Amendment

Amendment to the United States Constitution establishing the direct election of U.S. Senators.

Richard Price

An English Nonconformist minister and philosopher prominent in the 18th century.

Charles Evans Hughes

An American statesman and politician, served as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Public Utilities Commission

A regulatory authority overseeing utilities and their operations.

13th Amendment

Amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

Amendment granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.

15th Amendment

Amendment prohibiting the denial of the right to vote based on race.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation.

Cummings v. Bd. Of Education

A Supreme Court ruling that upheld racial segregation within schools.

Brown v. Bd. Of Education

Landmark Supreme Court case declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.

Literacy Test

A test used to determine a person's literacy ability, often used to restrict voting.

Grandfather Clause

A provision allowing individuals to bypass literacy tests or other voting qualifications.

Poll Tax

A fee required to be paid in order to vote, often used to disenfranchise poor voters.

Separate but Equal

A legal doctrine stating that racial segregation did not violate the Equal Protection Clause.

24th Amendment

Amendment prohibiting the use of poll taxes in federal elections.

Voting Rights Act

A landmark piece of federal legislation aimed at eliminating racial discrimination in voting.

Due Process

Legal requirement ensuring fair treatment through the judicial system.

Environmentalism

A social movement aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable practices.

Conservationism

A philosophy advocating the protection and careful management of natural resources.

Preservationism

A movement focused on protecting nature from human interference.

Boone and Crockett Club

A conservation organization founded by Theodore Roosevelt and others in 1887.

William McKinley

The 25th President of the United States, known for leading the nation during the Spanish-American War.

New York Exposition

A world's fair showcasing innovations and cultural events in New York City.

Leon Czolgosz

The assassin of President William McKinley.

Forest Reserve Act

An 1891 act allowing the president to set aside forest reserves.

Forest Management Act

An act ensuring the sustainable management of forest lands.

Antiquities Act

A 1906 law allowing the president to preserve public lands as national monuments.

Devil’s Tower

The first national monument in the United States, established in 1906.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A landmark federal statute outlawing monopolistic business practices.

Rule of Reason

A legal doctrine used to interpret the Sherman Act, assessing the reasonableness of business practices.

Northern Securities v. United States

A Supreme Court decision that broke up a major railroad monopoly.

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

A policy asserting U.S. intervention in Latin American countries.

Monroe Doctrine

A principle of U.S. policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas.

Great White Fleet

The popular nickname for the U.S. Navy's round-the-world voyage from 1907 to 1909.

John Q. Adams

The 6th President of the United States, known for his foreign policy initiatives.

Panama Canal

A significant water passage that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, completed in 1914.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement promoting the inherent goodness of people and nature.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A key figure in the Transcendentalist movement and essayist.

Nature

A central work by Ralph Waldo Emerson emphasizing individuality and nature.

Walden

A book by Henry David Thoreau, reflecting on simple living and nature.

Henry David Thoreau

A writer and philosopher known for his work on nature and civil disobedience.

Romanticism

An artistic and intellectual movement emphasizing emotion and individualism.

William Wordsworth

A major romantic poet known for his reflections on nature and humanity.

Dorothy Wordsworth

A writer and sister of William Wordsworth, known for her diaries and influence on his work.

Lyrical Ballads

A collection of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, marking the beginning of Romanticism.

Samuel T. Coleridge

A major poet and philosopher associated with Romanticism.

Lake District

A scenic area in England known for its lakes and mountains, inspiring many poets.

Keswick

A town in the Lake District and a central location for the Romantic poets.

Dove Cottage

William Wordsworth's home in the Lake District where he wrote many of his poems.

Grasmere

A village in the Lake District cherished by poets and artists.

John Muir

A naturalist and environmentalist, known as the 'Father of the National Parks'.

Yosemite

A national park in California famous for its stunning scenery.

Redwoods

Tall trees native to the western United States, known for their impressive height.

Sierra Club

An environmental organization founded in 1892 focused on grassroots advocacy.

Albert Bierstadt

An American painter known for his landscapes of the American West.

Rocky Mountain School

A group of 19th-century painters capturing the American Western landscape.

Operatic Style

A term often used to describe dramatic and expressive artistic works.

Yellowstone

The first national park in the United States, established in 1872.

Predator Kill Program

Wildlife management programs aimed at controlling predator populations.

Aldo Leopold

An ecologist known for his contributions to the field of wildlife management.

Sand County Almanac

A book by Aldo Leopold promoting land ethics.

Niagara Movement

A civil rights organization founded by W.E.B. Du Bois and others in 1905.

W.E.B. DuBois

An African-American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist.

Wm. Dean Howells

A novelist and literary critic associated with literary realism.

John Dewey

An American philosopher and educational reformer associated with pragmatism.

Jane Addams

A social reformer and founder of Hull House, focusing on women and immigrants.

Hull House

A settlement house in Chicago that provided social services and education.

Limehouse District

An area in London known for its maritime and immigrant history.

Booker T. Washington

An African American educator and leader advocating for vocational education.

Tuskegee Institute

A historically black university founded by Booker T. Washington.

Atlanta Compromise

An agreement that aimed for racial uplift through vocational education.

Bryn Mawr

A women's liberal arts college in Pennsylvania known for its rigorous academics.

Wellesley

A prestigious women's college in Massachusetts.

Vassar

One of the first women's colleges in the United States, known for educational innovation.

18th Amendment

Amendment establishing Prohibition, making the production and sale of alcohol illegal.

William H. Taft

The 27th President of the United States and later Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

A tariff act signed by Taft, which was controversial and led to political fallout.

Richard Ballinger

Secretary of the Interior under Taft, involved in a controversy regarding land.

Gifford Pinchot

A forester and politician, known for his role in American conservation.

Morgan-Guggenheim Syndicate

A powerful business group involved in the mining of natural resources.

Eugene Debs

A labor leader and five-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party.

Theodore Roosevelt

The 26th President of the United States, known for his progressive reforms.

Bull Moose Party

A progressive political party formed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's reform agenda aimed at reducing tariffs and regulating banks.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th President of the United States, known for his leadership during WWI.

Webb-Kenyon Act

An act that restricted the transportation of alcoholic beverages into dry states.