Mongols

Steppe diplomacy

The skill of political survival and dominance in the world of steppe nomads; it involved the knowledge of tribal and clan structure and often used assassination to achieve its goals.

Khanates

Regions (kingdoms).

Cultural diffusion

Intermingling with new people and learning from them.

Pax Mongolia

Time of peace in the Mongol empire.

China under Mongol rule

Kublai Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson, conquers China in 1271-1368, establishing the Yuan dynasty and adopting Chinese taxation techniques, while promoting Buddhism, Daoism, literature, art, music, and poetry.

Persia under Mongol rule

The Mongols, led by Hulagu, conquer Persia by assassinating the last Abbasid caliph, leading to the fall of the Abbasid empire and the Mongols assimilating into Persian culture.

Russia under Mongol rule

Batu, another grandson of Genghis Khan, establishes city-states in Russia, tapping into Asian trade and Eastern Orthodox Christianity, ultimately influencing European culture.