IB Philosophy SL Vocab Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering Argumentation, Freedom and Determinism, Social Conditioning, and the Daodejing based on IB Philosophy SL assignment review notes.

Premise

a claim offered as a reason, shown as reasons for a conclusion

Conclusion

what the argument is trying to establish, follows the premises (connected)

Argument

A set of claims or premises providing justification to prove another claim

Enthymeme

An argument in which one or more premises, or the conclusion, are left unstated or implied.

Convergent argument

An argument where it can lose its premises because they don’t rely on each other for validity

Linked argument

An argument where two or more premises depend on each other and must combine together to support the conclusion.

Determinism

The view that every event, including human actions, is completely determined by preceding causes and physical laws of nature.

Hard determinism

The philosophical stance that determinism is true, rendering human free will impossible and eliminating moral responsibility.

Laplace's Demon

A hypothetical being of supreme intelligence that knows everything about every particle in the universe, allowing it to predict every future state and reconstruct every past state using natural laws.

Compatibilism

The theory that free will and determinism are logically consistent and are compatible

Libertarian free will

The view that human beings possess genuine free agency and that determinism is false, allowing individuals to act otherwise under identical conditions, backed up by deliberation.

Substance dualism

Laws of nature only apply to matter, mind isn’t matter.

Emergence

The concept that complex systems develop novel properties or phenomena that cannot be reduced to or predicted by their individual parts alone.

Moral responsibility

Being accountable for one's actions, deserving a consequence.

Social conditioning

The process by which people are trained and influenced by society, culture, and institutions to adopt specific behaviors, values, and ideas.

False consciousness

Marxist concept where a person or class holds beliefs and self-conceptions that misrepresent or hide their actual social and economic reality.

Das Man

Heidegger's term for "the they" or the anonymous collective, (that’s what they say), describing how social norms pressure individuals into inauthentic ways of living.

Dasein

Heidegger's term for "being" referring to the entity for who its own being is an issue.

First-order desires

Basic desires directed toward an action, state, or object, such as wanting to eat or sleep.

Second-order desires

desires about a desire, i want to want to go to the gym, i want to want to do my homework.

Second-order volitions

A second-order desire where an individual wants a first-order desire to effectively move them to action about a desire

Tao

The ultimate path, way, method, course, source, and natural way or flow of the universe, “A” term

De / Te

In Chthe inherent virtue, power, or natural efficacy through which the Tao manifests in individual things.

Jing

classic text/scripture or the vital essence and stillness associated with natural virtue.

A/B dynamic

socially valuable, worthwhile/socially disvalued

come from eachother and create the other