reading 3 and 4

Synthesis

The mixing of a different ideas, or thing to make a whole that is different or new (синтез, объединение)

Incursion

A sudden attack on or act of going into a place, especially across a border ( вторжение, нападение)

Displace

To force something or someone out of its usual or original position (вытеснять, заменить)

Persistence

The fact that someone or something persist (упорство, настойчивость, стойкость)

Defy

To refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation ( противостоять, бросить вызов, нарушать, игнорировать(

Driven

Describes someone who is so determined to achieve something or be successful that all their behaviour is directed towards his aim ( целеустремленный, мотивированный)

Inconclusive

Not giving result or decision ( неубедительный, неокончательный)

Comprehensive

Complete and including everything that is necessary( полный, подробный, исчерпывающий)

Primer

Old fashioned- a small book containing basic facts about the object, used especially when you are beginning to learn about that subject ( учебник, букварь)

Nuanced

Made slightly different from appearance, meaning, sound ( тонкий, детальный)

Dead end

A situation that has no hope of making progress ( тупик)

Dehumanize

To remove from a person the special human qualities of independent thought feeling for other people (обезличить, дегуманизироаать)

Mutilate

To damage something severely, especially by violently removing a part ( калечить, уродовать, исказить)

Massacre

An act of killing a lot of people ( бойня, резня, расправа)

Egalitarian

Believing that all people are equally important and should have the same rights and opportunities in life ( уравнивать, сторонник равноправия)

Undermine

To make someone less confident less powerful or less likely to succeed or to make something weaker (ослабить, подрывать)

Skeletal

Describes something that exists in its basic form ( костный, скелет

Trauma

A severe emotional shock and pain caused by an extremely upsetting experience ( травма)

Spark

A first small event or problem that causes a much worse situation to develop ( искра, спровоцировать, вызвать)

Spur

To encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster ( подтолкнуть, побудить, стимулировать)

Recount

To describe how something happened, or to tell a story ( пересказать)

Prospect

A possibility that something good might happen in the future (вероятность)

Propel smth into/towards

To cause someone to do an activity or be in a situation ( продвигать)

Enslave

To control and keep someone forcefully in a bad situation, or to make a slave of someone ( поработить, подчинить)

Factor

A fact or situation that influences the result of something ( причина, фактор)

Wane

To become weaker in strength or influence ( ослабевать, угасать)

Fiercely

On a frightening, violent or powerful way ( яростно, жестко)

Premature

Happening or done too soon, especially before the natural or suitable time ( преждевременный, недоношенный)

Ill

In a way that is bad or not suitable( плохой, дурной)

Provocation

An action or statement that is intended to make someone angry (раздражение, провокация)

Preventive

Intended to stop something before it happens (предохранять)

Pre-emptive

Describes something is done before the normal people can act especially to prevent them from doing something else(предупредительный)

Ominous

Suggesting that something unpleasant is likely to happen (угрожающий, зловещий)

Warmonger (disapproving)

A politician or other leader who is often encouraging a country to go to war (подстрекатель)

Hubris

A way of talking or behaving that is too proud (высокомерие)

In/for the foreseeable future

As far into the future as you can imagine or plan (в обозримом будущем)

Feverish

Unnaturally excited or active (лихорадочный, ажиотажный)

Imbue smth/smb with something

To fill something or someone with a particular feeling, quality or idea ( наполнить, внушать, вдохновлять)

Envisage

To form a mental picture of something or someone you have never seen ( представить, предвидеть)

Viral

Used to describe something that quickly become very popular or well known by being published on the internet or sent from person to person by mail ( вирусный, популярный)

Praise

To express admiration or approval about the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing ( восхвалять, славить)

Accuse

To say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal or unkind ( осуждать, упрекать, винить)

Oversimplify

To describe or explain something in such a simple way that it is no longer correct or true ( упрощать)

Immerse yourself in something

To become completely involved in something ( погрузиться)

compact

Consisting of parts that are positioned together closely or in a tidy way using very little space ( плотный, компактный)

Obscure

Not clear and difficult to understand or see ( малоизвестный, неясный)

Warren (mainly disapproving)

A very crowded and confusing building or part of a city in which it is easy to get lost ( лабиринт)

Unearth

To discover proof or some other information, especially after careful searching ( раскрыть, раскопать, выявить)

Cautious

Someone who is cautious avoids risks ( осмотрительный, осторожный)

Benchmark

A level of quality that can be used as a standard when comparing other things ( эталон)

Assess

To judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something ( оценить, анализировать, судить)

Take smth into account

To consider or remember something when judging a situation (учесть, принять во внимание)

Tedious

Boring (скучный)

Integrate

To combine two or more things in order to become more effective( интегрировать, внедрять)