Week 4: phonetic transcription

Why do we care about phonetic transcription

• english orthography (rules & conventions for writing a lnaguage) does not allow to accurately write down how people with different accents or speech disorders pronounce words

• one word can have many spellings, one spelling can have many sounds, one word can have different pronunciations

What is transcription important for

• universal system for how people speak

• when working with children with SSD:

  • analysis

  • differential diagnosis

  • goal setting

  • monitor response to intervention

types of transcription

• broad- for simple cases, substitutions

• narrow- more complex, distoritions

f1, f2, f3

• First Formant (F1): Linked to jaw opening and vowel height.

• Second Formant (F2): Linked to tongue position (front or back).

• Third Formant (F3): Influenced by lip rounding and tongue tip position, helping define finer voice color.

onset etc

Consonants that come before the nucleus of a syllable are know as onsets and those that come after it are called codas. The nucleus and coda of a syllable form a group called a rime. These onsets and codas can be complicated or simple depending on what is allowed in a language. English allows up to three consonants in the onset and at least as much in the coda. Consider the word ‘twelfths’ /twɛlfθs/. It has two consonants in the onset and four consonants in the coda. Generally, the onset is more restricted in what is consonants are allowed.

phonotactics

• rules that govern how sounds may be combined segmentally and suprasegmentally

• ie: number, type, and location of consonants in consonant clusters, number and type that form a syllable, number of allowable syllables,

• presennce or absence of final consonants, diphthongs, lexical tone

• harmony patterns etc.